Liberal Nationalism in 19th-Century Europe

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Questions and Answers

Where were the groups of liberal nationalism smaller in number until the late nineteenth century?

Central and Eastern Europe (correct)

North America

Western Europe

South America

What is the Latin root of the term 'liberalism'?

Unity

Liber (correct)

Freedom

Nation

What did nineteenth-century liberals emphasize?

The power of the Church

The inviolability of private property (correct)

The abolition of social classes

The importance of monarchies

In revolutionary France, who was granted the right to vote?

Only property-owning men Signup and view all the answers

What was the brief period during which all adult males enjoyed suffrage?

Under the Jacobins Signup and view all the answers

What was the status of women in the Napoleonic Code?

Subject to the authority of fathers and husbands Signup and view all the answers

Who organized opposition movements demanding equal political rights in the 19th and early 20th centuries?

Women and non-propertied men Signup and view all the answers

What was the concept that nineteenth-century liberals emphasized in government?

Government by consent Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary outcome of the union's abolition of tariff barriers?

The number of currencies was reduced to two. Signup and view all the answers

What did List hope to achieve through economic measures?

The harnessing of economic interests to national unification. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary outcome of the creation of a network of railways?

The stimulation of mobility. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the wave of economic nationalism?

The strengthening of nationalist sentiments. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of conservatives after 1815?

To preserve established institutions and social hierarchies. Signup and view all the answers

What did conservatives realise from the changes initiated by Napoleon?

That modernisation could strengthen traditional institutions. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of modernisation, according to conservatives?

State power became more effective and strong. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary difference between conservatives and liberals?

Conservatives preferred gradual change, while liberals preferred quick change. Signup and view all the answers

What was the common idea accepted as natural and universal across societies?

That societies should be organized into nation-states Signup and view all the answers

Who was Guiseppe Mazzini?

An Italian nationalist leader Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Frankfurt parliament?

It was a gathering of German nationalists to discuss unification Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of the French revolutionaries?

To create a sense of collective identity among the French people Signup and view all the answers

Who were Marianne and Germania?

Two symbolic female figures representing France and Germany Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 1848 revolution of the liberals?

It was a wave of liberal revolutions that swept across Europe Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of women in nationalist struggles?

They played a significant role in promoting national identity Signup and view all the answers

What did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more efficient?

A bureaucratic system of administration Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Liberal Nationalism

Liberal nationalism emerged in early 19th-century Europe, allied with the ideology of liberalism, emphasizing individual freedom, equality before the law, and government by consent.
It stood for the end of autocracy, clerical privileges, and the establishment of a constitution and representative government through parliament.
Liberals also stressed the inviolability of private property, but equality before the law did not necessarily mean universal suffrage.

Nationalism in Europe

European ideas of nationalism were not replicated elsewhere, but people developed their own specific varieties of nationalism.
The idea that societies should be organized into 'nation-states' came to be accepted as natural and universal.

Conservatism

After 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism, aiming to preserve established institutions of state and society, such as the monarchy, the Church, and social hierarchies.
Conservatives believed that modernization could strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy, making state power more effective and strong.

Economic Nationalism

The union abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies, stimulating economic growth and national unification.
The creation of a network of railways further accelerated mobility and economic growth.

Key Terms

Liberalism: derived from the Latin root "liber," meaning free, emphasizing individual freedom and equality before the law.
Suffrage: the right to vote, initially granted exclusively to property-owning men in revolutionary France.
Conservatism: a political philosophy stressing the importance of tradition, established institutions, and customs, preferring gradual development to quick change.