LGBTQ2S+ Rights in Canada Quiz
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Questions and Answers

In which year did Canada become the first country in North America to fully ban conversion therapy?

  • 2022 (correct)
  • 2005
  • 2015
  • 2010

    • What percentage of Canadians surveyed said they would talk to family and friends about LGBTQ2S+ rights?

  • 46% (correct)
  • 27%
  • 32%
  • 48%

    • Which demographic is reported to be more homophobic according to the content?

  • Young adults
  • Men (correct)
  • Women
  • Older people

    • What is a common issue faced by LGB workers in the workplace?

    <p>Lack of same-sex partner benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group tends to have more positive attitudes towards LGBTQ2S+ rights?

    <p>Younger people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of respondents believed their workplace was not inclusive for trans employees, according to a 2016 study by Telus?

    <p>45%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is important in dispelling homophobia?

    <p>Personal acquaintance with LGBTQ2S+ individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is transphobia primarily described as?

    <p>Internalization of cultural stigma against transgender individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of participants reported they sometimes experienced microaggressions at work?

    <p>55%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension is NOT mentioned as a type of microaggression?

    <p>Racial stereotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of participants felt they could be themselves at work regarding their LGBTQ+ identities?

    <p>50.2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region reported the highest levels of perceived discrimination and microaggressions?

    <p>Alberta, NW Territories, and Nunavut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern expressed by participants regarding workplace practices?

    <p>Enhancements in diversity, equity, and inclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of participants reported making suggestions to improve workplace practices sometimes or often?

    <p>50.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the findings, what risk is associated with being open about LGBTQ+ identities in some regions?

    <p>Greater vulnerability to discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of participants indicated they prefer to keep their identities private or manage who knows about their identities?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of LGBTQ2S+ employees in Ontario disclosed their sexual orientation to their bosses or supervisors?

    <p>36.3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of LGBTQ2+ employees in Quebec experienced workplace discrimination in the previous five years according to the 2022 study?

    <p>65%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the average age of participants in the workplace discrimination survey?

    <p>31.25 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of participants in the workplace discrimination survey agreed that workplace discrimination exists against LGBTQ+ identities?

    <p>50.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of survey participants who self-identified as bisexual?

    <p>34.3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What standard deviation was reported for the age of participants in the workplace discrimination study?

    <p>5.17</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of survey participants experienced microaggressions with an average score?

    <p>3.00</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of survey participants self-identified as men?

    <p>38.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sexual orientation primarily involve?

    <p>One's attraction to people of the same and/or other sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Canadians aged 15 years or older identify as LGBTQ2S+?

    <p>4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes individuals whose gender identity aligns with their biological sex?

    <p>Cisgender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is transgender identity defined?

    <p>A gender identity that differs from assigned sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason that LGB individuals may face discrimination even if not 'out'?

    <p>Stereotypes are based on visible representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landmark decision took place in 1995 concerning sexual orientation in Canada?

    <p>Recognition of sexual orientation as constitutionally protected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'asexual' in the context of sexual orientation refer to?

    <p>Sexually attracted to neither sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do common stereotypes of gay people typically originate?

    <p>From media portrayals and visible representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy involves making up a heterosexual identity to appear straight?

    <p>Counterfeiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor significantly influences an LGB individual's decision to disclose their sexual orientation at work?

    <p>Workplace autonomy support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a potential consequence for LGB individuals who choose to conceal their sexual orientation?

    <p>Indirect discrimination and backlash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'courtesy stigma'?

    <p>Avoidance of LGB individuals to avoid being associated with them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do many career theories fit in relation to LGB individuals?

    <p>They require specific adaptations for LGB experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a challenge faced by openly gay employees?

    <p>Direct discrimination and microaggressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of environments that support the development of a gay identity for LGB individuals?

    <p>Supportive social climates and formal policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enhances the likelihood of disclosing sexual orientation at work?

    <p>Existence of formal company policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following situations is sexual orientation considered relevant?

    <p>Workplace social interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should workplace activities be organized to accommodate sexual minority employees?

    <p>By including diverse partner options for social events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of employee benefits should be offered for inclusiveness regarding sexual orientation?

    <p>Domestic partner benefits for both gay and straight couples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does unfair treatment based on sexual orientation have on employees?

    <p>It can lower job satisfaction and increase turnover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects a common misconception about LGBT workers?

    <p>There is evidence they perform less well than their counterparts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect a diversity manager should focus on?

    <p>Developing a supportive and inclusive environment for all employees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen when organizations do not consider sexual orientation in their diversity policies?

    <p>A mixed message about company goals may be presented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which policy should be included to support the needs of partnered LGBT employees?

    <p>Family leave available on the same terms as others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sexual Orientation and Work

    • Sex is based on biological factors (male or female).
    • Intersex individuals have anatomical characteristics of both sexes.
    • Gender is concerned with social expectations and roles associated with sex.
    • Gender identity is how a person perceives themselves (male, female, neither, both, or flexible).
    • Cisgender individuals have a gender identity consistent with their biological sex.
    • Transgender individuals have a gender identity that differs from their assigned sex.
    • Sexual orientation concerns attraction to people of the same and/or other sex.
    • Sexual orientation identity is awareness of one's sexual orientation.
    • Heterosexual individuals are attracted to the opposite sex.
    • Homosexual individuals are attracted to the same sex.
    • Bisexual individuals are attracted to both sexes.
    • Asexual individuals are not sexually attracted to either sex.
    • 4% of Canadians aged 15 and older identify as LGBTQ2S+. (Stats Can, 2022)

    What is "Different" about Sexual Orientation?

    • Sexual orientation is identified when a person chooses to self-identify.
    • LGB persons may experience hostile environment discrimination even if they are not "out".
    • Stereotypes of gay people are often based on media portrayals and may be inaccurate.
    • Victims of other types of discrimination often have support networks.
    • Some individuals may have religious or moral objections to LGB persons.
    • Sex, race, and ethnicity are generally apparent at birth and not often changeable.

    Canadian Context

    • Same-sex sexual activity was decriminalized in Canada in 1969.
    • The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that sexual orientation is constitutionally protected in 1995.
    • Canada legalized same-sex marriage in 2005.
    • Canada banned conversion therapy in 2022.

    Homophobia

    • Homophobia refers to negative beliefs and emotional responses to homosexuality.
    • Transphobia refers to internalization of cultural stigma against transgender individuals.
    • Men are more homophobic than women.
    • Conservative religious or political beliefs and low education tend to correlate with stronger homophobia.
    • Younger people generally have more positive attitudes.
    • Knowing someone who is gay or lesbian can help dispel homophobia.

    Canadian Statistics (Ipsos, 2023)

    • 48% of Canadians say they would speak up against homophobic comments.
    • 46% say they would sign a petition supporting LGBTQ2S+ rights.
    • 46% say they would talk to family and friends about LGBTQ2S+ rights.
    • 32% say they would take actions like attending a rally or donating to an LGBTQ2S+ charity.

    Workplace Issues

    • Families headed by same-sex couples may experience unique conflicts.
    • LGB workers reported stigma-based work-family conflict.
    • There is a lack of formal invitations for same-sex partners at social events.
    • LGB employees may face suppression or invention of family information.
    • Challenges for LGB employees include invisibility, negative coworker reactions, and lack of social support.

    Workplace Discrimination in Canada

    • Studies show that a significant portion of respondents believe their workplace is not inclusive of lesbian and gay employees.
    • Many workers do not disclose their sexual orientation to supervisors.
    • 65% of LGBTQ2+ employees in Quebec have experienced discrimination in the previous five years.
    • A study on 2STNB individuals showed that 72% experienced workplace discrimination and 49% quit their jobs.

    Workplace Discrimination? (Chuang et al., 2024)

    • A Canada-wide survey aimed to understand workplace discrimination against LGBTQ+ employees, how they coped, and the prevalence of discrimination.
    • The survey covered demographics, discrimination, microaggressions, identity concealment, and authenticity.
    • The results provide an update on the degree of workplace discrimination.

    Chuang et al. (2024) - Demographics

    • Sample size: 4,205
    • Average age: 31.25 years old
    • Average organizational tenure: 4.3 years
    • 56.9% in middle or senior management
    • Marital status: 45.9% single or never married
    • Gender identity: 38.1% self-identified as men and 23.4% as women
    • Sexual orientations: 39.3% gay men, 34.3% bisexual, and 19.3% lesbians.

    Chuang et al. (2024) - Discrimination and Microaggressions

    • About 50.1% of participants agreed there is workplace discrimination
    • Average microaggression score: 3.00 (standard deviation of .556)
    • 55% sometimes experience microaggressions at work, while 2.6% often or always do.
    • Microaggressions are categorized into workplace values, heteronormative assumptions, and cisnormative culture.

    Chuang et al. (2024) - Identity Management

    • Almost 60% preferred to keep their identities private.
    • About 50.2% felt comfortable being themselves regarding their identity.
    • 52.6% agreed their colleagues' perceptions matched their own.

    Chuang et al. (2024) - Voice and Suggestions

    • Participants suggested improvements to workplace practices.
    • 50.1% made suggestions to the workplace.
    • 52.3% expressed concerns about things that made LGBTQ+ employees uncomfortable.

    Chuang et al. (2024) - Canada-Wide Survey Results

    • Discrimination and microaggressions are declining across Canada.
    • Alberta, NW Territories, and Nunavut reported the highest levels of perceived discrimination and microaggressions.
    • Ontario participants reported being the most careful in managing their LGBTQ+ identities at work.
    • Findings suggest there is still some way to go to reduce discrimination

    Discrimination and Its Outcomes

    • In a field study, apparently gay applicants received fewer callbacks than those who seemed heterosexual.
    • Gay men experience a 10-32% wage gap compared to heterosexual men in comparable jobs.
    • LGBT women's earnings compared to heterosexual women.

    The Minority Stress Model

    • Being a member of a marginalized group is a significant source of chronic social stress.
    • Research shows LGBTQ+ members often have higher stress levels due to the pressures of discrimination.
    • This model highlights additional stressors affecting sexual minorities, unlike those common to other workers.

    The Process of Disclosure: Coming Out at Work

    • LGB employees face a decision on whether or not to disclose their sexual orientation.
    • In a survey, half of LGB participants had disclosed their orientation to colleagues, lower than to family and friends.
    • Disclosure was more likely in workplaces where there was high autonomy support.

    The Process of Disclosure: Continued

    • Three strategies LGB persons adopt (with consequences):
      • Counterfeiting heterosexual identities.
      • Avoidance.
      • Integration.
    • Importance of organizational climate and policies regarding inclusivity and disclosure.

    Three Challenges

    • LGB employees whose identities are not disclosed may be incorrectly perceived as heterosexual, leading to indirect discrimination.
    • Negative coworker reactions may include direct discrimination, avoidance, insults, and microaggressions
    • Lack of social support and workplace aversion can increase their feelings of isolation.
    • Courtesy stigma.
    • May create a workplace that feels isolating or uncomfortable.

    Career Choice and Development

    • Many career theories don't apply to LGB persons.
    • Important for LGB persons to seek safer havens or places supporting their identity development.

    Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion for Gay People at Work

    • Employers should focus on individual contributions rather than sexual orientation.
    • Policies should address harassment or mistreatment.
    • Organizations should integrate sexual orientation into diversity/inclusion efforts.

    Why Organizations Should Respond

    • Unfair treatment based on sexual orientation affects employees' jobs and satisfaction, and therefore, organization success.
    • It's important to have valid predictors of job performance.
    • Initiatives that cater to diversity but lack explicit consideration for sexual orientation risk creating mixed messages, thus potentially negatively impacting employees, customers, and stakeholders.
    • A diversity manager's goal is to create a supportive environment.

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    Chapter 11: Sexual Orientation and Work (PDF)

    Description

    Test your knowledge on LGBTQ2S+ rights in Canada, including key legislation, social attitudes, and workplace inclusivity. This quiz covers historical milestones, survey statistics, and the challenges faced by LGBTQ2S+ individuals in the workforce. Dive in to learn more about the progress and ongoing issues in LGBTQ2S+ equality.

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