Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the term 'ACKNOWLEDGE' signify in radio communications?
What does the term 'ACKNOWLEDGE' signify in radio communications?
Which phonetic alphabet corresponds to the letter 'K'?
Which phonetic alphabet corresponds to the letter 'K'?
When a pilot says 'GO AHEAD,' what are they indicating?
When a pilot says 'GO AHEAD,' what are they indicating?
What does the phonetic term 'ECHO' represent?
What does the phonetic term 'ECHO' represent?
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What is the meaning of 'CONFIRM' in the context of radio communications?
What is the meaning of 'CONFIRM' in the context of radio communications?
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Which option correctly describes 'BREAK BREAK'?
Which option correctly describes 'BREAK BREAK'?
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Which phonetic alphabet is correctly matched with its corresponding letter?
Which phonetic alphabet is correctly matched with its corresponding letter?
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What is the role of the term 'DISREGARD' in communications?
What is the role of the term 'DISREGARD' in communications?
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What does the term 'WILCO' indicate in radio communications?
What does the term 'WILCO' indicate in radio communications?
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Which type of decompression occurs when cabin pressure changes faster than the lungs can decompress?
Which type of decompression occurs when cabin pressure changes faster than the lungs can decompress?
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In radio communications, what does 'STANDBY' mean?
In radio communications, what does 'STANDBY' mean?
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What is the primary difference between explosive and rapid decompression?
What is the primary difference between explosive and rapid decompression?
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What does the term 'READ BACK' signify in radio communication?
What does the term 'READ BACK' signify in radio communication?
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What would prompt the use of 'UNABLE' in communication?
What would prompt the use of 'UNABLE' in communication?
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Which of the following describes 'GRADUAL OR SLOW DECOMPRESSION'?
Which of the following describes 'GRADUAL OR SLOW DECOMPRESSION'?
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What is indicated by the readability skill rating of '1'?
What is indicated by the readability skill rating of '1'?
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What condition arises from dissolved gases coming out of solution into bubbles inside the body on depressurization?
What condition arises from dissolved gases coming out of solution into bubbles inside the body on depressurization?
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Which of the following injuries results from a difference in pressure between a gas space in contact with the body and the surrounding fluid?
Which of the following injuries results from a difference in pressure between a gas space in contact with the body and the surrounding fluid?
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What type of medical emergency can result from turbulence encounters or luggage falling from overhead bins?
What type of medical emergency can result from turbulence encounters or luggage falling from overhead bins?
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Which condition is primarily caused by acute exposure to low partial pressure of oxygen at high altitudes?
Which condition is primarily caused by acute exposure to low partial pressure of oxygen at high altitudes?
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What is the medical condition characterized by localized damage to skin and tissues due to freezing?
What is the medical condition characterized by localized damage to skin and tissues due to freezing?
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What is a critical action necessary during an in-flight medical emergency?
What is a critical action necessary during an in-flight medical emergency?
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What condition is characterized by the body being deprived of adequate oxygen supply?
What condition is characterized by the body being deprived of adequate oxygen supply?
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What type of health-related issue can potentially include symptoms like fainting or shortness of breath?
What type of health-related issue can potentially include symptoms like fainting or shortness of breath?
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What is the initial step a pilot must take when preparing for landing?
What is the initial step a pilot must take when preparing for landing?
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Which methods can a pilot use to accomplish speed reduction during landing?
Which methods can a pilot use to accomplish speed reduction during landing?
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What does a pilot need to communicate to air traffic control when approaching the airport?
What does a pilot need to communicate to air traffic control when approaching the airport?
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What is the purpose of the read back by the pilot?
What is the purpose of the read back by the pilot?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding pilot communications?
Which of the following statements is true regarding pilot communications?
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Which of the following is NOT a situation where read back is required?
Which of the following is NOT a situation where read back is required?
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During landing, the pilot executes a flare (round-out) to achieve what?
During landing, the pilot executes a flare (round-out) to achieve what?
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What should a pilot avoid when making their first transmission inbound to the airport?
What should a pilot avoid when making their first transmission inbound to the airport?
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What key information must be included in the initial call for taxi?
What key information must be included in the initial call for taxi?
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Why is it important for pilots to acknowledge landing and take-off clearances?
Why is it important for pilots to acknowledge landing and take-off clearances?
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What is the primary purpose of the Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS)?
What is the primary purpose of the Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS)?
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What should a communications plan include prior to a flight?
What should a communications plan include prior to a flight?
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Which of the following is a crucial component to check before starting a flight?
Which of the following is a crucial component to check before starting a flight?
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What is included in an ATIS broadcast?
What is included in an ATIS broadcast?
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During the initial call for taxi, what does the pilot need to provide besides the call sign?
During the initial call for taxi, what does the pilot need to provide besides the call sign?
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What does a successful communication plan help pilots achieve?
What does a successful communication plan help pilots achieve?
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Study Notes
ICAO Phonetic Alphabet and Numbers
- The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) phonetic alphabet and numbers are used globally in aviation for clarity in communication.
- Alpha (AL FAH) Bravo (BRAH VO) Charlie (CHAR LEE) Delta (DELL TAH) Echo (ECK OH) Foxtrot (FOKS TROT) Golf (GOLF) Hotel (HOH TEL) India (IN DEE AH) Juliett (JEW LEE ETT) Kilo (KEY LOH) Lima (LEE MAH) Mike (MIKE) November (NO VEM BER) Oscar (OSS CAH) Papa (PAH PAH) Quebec (KEH BECK) Romeo (ROW ME OH) Sierra (SEE AIR AH) Tango (TANG GO) Uniform (YOU NEE FORM) Victor (VIK TAH) Whiskey (WISS KEY) X-Ray (ECKS RAY) Yankee (YANG KEY) Zulu (ZOO LOO)
- Zero (ZERO) One (WUN) Two (TOO) Three (TREE) Four (FOW - ER) Five (FIFE) Six (SIX) Seven (SEV – EN) Eight (AIT) Nine (NIN - ER)
Radio Communication Phrases
- Acknowledge: Used to confirm receipt and understanding of a message.
- Affirm: Means "yes".
- Approved: Indicates permission is granted for a proposed action.
- Break: Signals the separation between parts of a message.
- Break Break: Indicates separation between messages transmitted to multiple aircraft in a busy environment.
- Cancel: Used to annul a previously transmitted clearance.
- Cleared: Authorization for proceeding under specified conditions.
- Confirm: Used to request verification of a clearance, instruction, action, or information.
- Contact: Used when establishing communication with another party.
- Correction: Indicates an error in the previous transmission, followed by the correct version.
- Disregard: Means "ignore".
- Go Ahead: Indicates the other party can proceed with their message.
- How Do You Read: A question about the readability of the transmission.
- I Say Again: Used to repeat a transmission for clarity or emphasis.
- Maintain: Indicates continuing to follow the specified condition or instruction.
- Monitor: Means "listen out on (frequency)".
- Negative: Means "no", "permission not granted", "that is not correct", or "not capable".
- Over: Signals the end of a transmission, expecting a response.
- Out: Signals the end of a transmission with no expected response.
- Read Back: A request to repeat all or part of a message exactly as received.
- Recleared: Indicates a change to a previous clearance, superseding the previous one.
- Report: A request to provide specific information.
- Request: Used to request information or something.
- Roger: Confirms receipt of the previous transmission.
- Say Again: A request to repeat all or part of the last transmission.
- Speak Slower: A request to reduce the rate of speech.
- Standby: Means "wait and I will call you."
- Unable: Indicates the inability to comply with a request, instruction, or clearance (usually followed by a reason).
- Wilco: Abbreviation for "will comply", meaning the message is understood and will be followed.
Readability Skills
- 5: Perfectly Readable
- 4: Readable
- 3: Readable with difficulty
- 2: Readable now and then
- 1: Unreadable
Decompression
- Defined: The inability of an aircraft's pressurization system to maintain its designed pressure schedule.
- Causes: Malfunction of the pressurization system or structural damage to the aircraft.
Explosive Decompression
- Defined: A rapid change in cabin pressure faster than the lungs can decompress.
- Rate: Occurs in less than 0.5 seconds.
- Risk: Potential for lung damage.
- Likelihood: More likely in smaller pressurized aircraft than larger ones.
Rapid Decompression
- Defined: A change in cabin pressure where the lungs can decompress faster than the cabin.
- Risk: Reduced risk of lung damage compared to explosive decompression.
Gradual or Slow Decompression
- Risk: Dangerous if not detected early.
- Descent: Descent will be rapid unless the crew suspects structural integrity.
Decompression Injuries
- Hypoxia: A condition where the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply.
- Barotrauma: Physical damage to body tissues caused by a difference in pressure between a gas space inside or in contact with the body and the surrounding fluid.
- Decompression Sickness: A condition where dissolved gases come out of solution and form bubbles in the body due to depressurization.
- Altitude Sickness: Pathological effects of high altitude on humans due to acute exposure to low oxygen partial pressures.
- Frostbite: Localized damage to skin and other tissues due to freezing.
In-Flight Medical Emergencies
-
Two Categories:
-
Injury related:
- Turbulence encounter
- Luggage falling from overhead bins
- Onboard altercation
- Burns or scalds from hot liquids or galley ovens
-
Health related:
- Fainting
- Shortness of breath
- Allergic reactions
- Missed medication
- Gastrointestinal issues
- Stroke
- Heart attack
- Death
-
Injury related:
Landing or Arrival Communication
-
First Transmission:
- Aircraft type
- Aircraft registration
-
Subsequent Transmission:
- Position (including altitude)
- Description of location
- Intentions
Pilot and Controller Communication: Read Back
- Definition: Pilot's acknowledgment of an air traffic controller's transmission by repeating the information.
-
Purpose:
- Catches miscommunications
- Provides a reality check
- Confirms the controller's intent
Items to Always Read Back
- All clearances affecting any runway
- Taxi instructions
- Level instructions
- SSR operating instructions
- Altimeter settings
- Heading instructions
- VDF information
- Speed instructions
- Type of radar service
- Airways/route clearances
- Transition levels
- Approach clearances
- Runway in use
Taxi Instructions
-
Initial call for TAXI:
- Who you are calling
- Call sign
- Position
- Request
- ATIS code
Landing and Take-Off Clearances
- Acknowledgement: Pilots must acknowledge landing and take-off clearances with their call sign.
Communication Planning: Pre-Flight
- Develop a communications plan.
- Identify and write down all necessary frequencies.
- Obtain frequencies from charts, airport diagrams, and airport directories.
Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS)
- A continuous broadcast of recorded aeronautical information in busy terminal areas.
- Contains information such as weather, active runways, approaches, and important NOTAMs.
- Pilots listen to ATIS before contacting local control to reduce controller workload and frequency congestion.
Preflight Inspection and Communication Planning
- Conduct a preflight inspection of the aircraft before each flight.
- Prepare a comprehensive communication plan.
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