lexis 1
77 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What primary effect did lexicographical research have on language teaching?

  • It reduced the importance of language patterns.
  • It focused solely on the teaching of grammar rules.
  • It caused a revolution in communicative syllabus design. (correct)
  • It led to a complete shift away from vocabulary teaching.

    • The COBUILD English Course was widely adopted by teachers upon its release.

    False

    Who initiated the COBUILD project?

    John Sinclair

    The COBUILD English Course was intended to help students build a lexicon of about ______ keywords by the end of the third level.

    <p>2500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their definitions:

    <p>Lexical items = Chunks of language that have specific meanings Lexical phrases = Pre-fabricated units of language that aid communication Task-based approach = A teaching method focused on completing meaningful tasks Corpus analysis = The study of language data from real-world texts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the 1990s, how did coursebooks begin to integrate lexis?

    <p>They introduced a lexical syllabus alongside structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vocabulary had previously been perceived mostly as 'phrases'.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The learning approach is now advocating for a ______ syllabus and a task-based approach.

    <p>lexical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe groups of words that realize specific meanings?

    <p>Lexical fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyponymy refers to a situation where one word is a part of another system of classification.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the umbrella category in a hyponymy relationship called?

    <p>Superordinate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A word like 'dog' is an example of a __________ in the lexical field of animals.

    <p>hyponym</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following relationships with their definitions:

    <p>Hyponymy = Relationship of inclusion Meronymy = Part-whole relationship Synonymy = Words with similar meanings Lexical field = Group of related words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sets of words is an example of meronyms?

    <p>Cheek, mouth, nose, eyebrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synonyms are always interchangeable regardless of context.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of a superordinate term for 'apple'.

    <p>Fruit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sofa and settee are examples of __________.

    <p>synonyms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consideration for synonyms?

    <p>Different spelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Michael Lewis assert about the nature of language?

    <p>Language is made up of grammatical lexis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lexis refers strictly to single word items in language.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe fixed expressions that are commonly used in spoken language?

    <p>Institutionalized expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Michael Lewis categorizes lexical items into four types: Words, Collocations, __________, and __________.

    <p>Institutionalized expressions, Sentence frames</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of lexical items with their descriptions:

    <p>Idioms = Phrases with figurative meanings that are not understandable from the individual words Collocations = Combinations of words that occur together with some degree of predictability Compound words = Words that consist of more than one root but have a single identity Sentence frames = Expressions used for organizing discourse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a lexical chunk?

    <p>Achieve great success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The idiom principle suggests that language production relies on novel word formations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Lexical Approach in language teaching?

    <p>Teaching lexical chunks or multi-word units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Lexical Approach, vocabulary has historically been viewed as __________ compared to grammar.

    <p>less important</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lexis?

    <p>Lexis is fixed and does not change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The traditional view considers vocabulary as easy to categorize.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rationale behind teaching multi-word units according to the Lexical Approach?

    <p>They facilitate fluency and natural language use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Collocations are defined as __________ of words that occur with varying degrees of predictability.

    <p>combinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teaching practice does Michael Lewis advocate?

    <p>A lot of listening activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lexical phrases should aid comprehension and ease the load for readers or listeners.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Sinclair's idiom principle claim about language production?

    <p>It suggests that ready-made chunks are the basic organizing principle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs exemplifies gradable antonyms?

    <p>Light / Heavy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Converseness is a type of relationship that is not reciprocal.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of opposites are opposite entities where if one is applicable, the other cannot be?

    <p>Complementaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The relationship between the terms 'borrow' and 'lend' can be described as __________.

    <p>converseness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a homonym?

    <p>Bark (tree) / Bark (sound made by a dog)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polysemy is characterized by unrelated meanings for the same word.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of multiple incompatibles.

    <p>January, February, March</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to a word formed of two words, such as ‘science fiction’?

    <p>Compound noun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A lexical item is always a single word.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of words that belong to the same category?

    <p>Lexical set</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The word 'transport' is the __________ of 'train', 'bus', 'taxi', 'tram', etc.

    <p>superordinate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes items that belong to one topic area?

    <p>Lexical set</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bound morphemes such as ‘–ness’, ‘ir-’, and ‘non-’ are known as __________.

    <p>Affixes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of a word that is an antonym of 'hot'.

    <p>Cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a strong collocation?

    <p>Spring to mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Collocation is important because it makes up a small percentage of all naturally occurring text.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes words that look the same in two languages but have different meanings?

    <p>False friends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A common prefix that means 'against' is __________.

    <p>anti-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following examples with their collocational categories:

    <p>Stale bread = Adjective + noun Go on display = Verb + preposition + noun Play a significant role = Verb + adjective + noun Working hard = Verb + adverb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does polysemy refer to in language?

    <p>A word having multiple meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a weak collocation?

    <p>Have breakfast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Languages universally have the same number of days in a week.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monosemous words have more than one meaning.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of a metaphor linked to time.

    <p>time is money</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between 'robbery' and 'robber'?

    <p>Word family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Homophones are defined as words that sound the __________ but are spelt differently.

    <p>same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The word 'course' can refer to a ________ taken at a university.

    <p>subject</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following suffixes with their meanings:

    <p>-ful = Having the quality of -less = Without -proof = Can resist -ing = The act of</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the term to its example or definition:

    <p>Polysemy = The word 'course' having multiple meanings Metaphor = Describing time as money Collocation = Words that frequently occur together Monosemy = A word with a single meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of collocation?

    <p>Fast food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the term 'polysemy'?

    <p>A word with multiple meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common source of error for language learners regarding collocations?

    <p>Inappropriate combinations of words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All languages use metaphor in exactly the same way.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What analysis technique involves breaking down the components of a word's meaning?

    <p>Componential analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All collocations are equally strong.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An example of a lexical item with fixed expressions is an ________.

    <p>idiom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The word 'dedo' in Portuguese means __________.

    <p>finger and toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which grammatical category does 'assassination' belong to?

    <p>Noun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following words with their descriptions:

    <p>Stomp = Walking heavily Tiptoe = Walking quietly Stride = Walking with long steps Amble = Walking leisurely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents a distinguishing feature of componential analysis?

    <p>Identifying features of word meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Words in the same lexical field share no features in common.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a situation where one word is a part of another classification?

    <p>Hyponymy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Words that occur together regularly are known as ________.

    <p>collocations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lexis in Language Teaching

    • Lexis (vocabulary) is now a more significant aspect of language teaching than in the past.
    • Lexicographical research in the 1980s, particularly the COBUILD project, emphasized the importance of vocabulary in language learning.
    • The COBUILD English Course (1988) was a pioneering lexically-driven coursebook using corpus data, tasks, and topics, building a lexicon of approximately 2,500 keywords. While innovative, its comprehensive lexical approach and task-based framework prevented widespread adoption.
    • Later coursebooks integrated lexis into their multi-layered syllabuses alongside grammar, functions, and skills.

    Defining Lexis

    • Lexis encompasses more than just individual words; it includes multi-word units as well.
    • Lexis and grammar are interconnected.
    • Words are fundamental grammatical units, classified as roots, derived words, and compounds.
    • Multi-word units (lexical phrases) are fixed or semi-fixed expressions, including idioms, binomials, trinomials, and common phrases.
    • Collocations involve predictable pairings e.g., “heavy rain,” “strong coffee.”
    • Institutionalised utterances and sentence frames are often used conversationally.
    • Oppositeness: There are different types of opposites. Antonyms, such as light/heavy, are opposites but can vary based on meaning. Gradable antonyms, like boiling/freezing, represent a scale.
    • Converseness is a reciprocal relationship (parent/child, give/take).
    • Complementaries are truly opposite entities (same/different, male/female).
    • Multiple incompatibles are a set of mutually exclusive options (January, February etc).

    The Lexical Approach

    • Michael Lewis emphasizes that language primarily consists of grammaticalized lexis, not lexicalized grammar.
    • The role of vocabulary in language teaching is crucial.
    • Lexical phrases should be taught as unanalyzed units.
    • Language learning benefits from activities like listening and awareness-raising exercises.

    Lexis as a System

    • Language can be organized based on meaning areas like 'emotions,' 'philosophy,’ and 'kinship,' called lexical fields.
    • Lexical fields are categorized into lexical sets.
    • Examples of lexical fields include job applications, living rooms, and meals.
    • Hyponymy (e.g., vehicle: car, van) and meronymy (e.g., face: nose, cheek) express relationships within lexical fields, illustrating cohesive elements in language.
    • Homonymy: the same form with different meanings (e.g., 'bat' – animal and object).
    • Polysemy: the same form with related meanings (e.g., 'foot' – body part and base of mountain).
    • Metaphor pervades language, linking concrete and abstract concepts. Time and emotion are frequently described metaphorically.

    Synonymy

    • Synonyms are words with similar meanings, but often have nuanced differences in collocation, meaning, connotation, syntax, style, variety of English (e.g., British vs. American), and register.
    • Synonym use contributes to text cohesion and avoids repetition.

    Other Lexical Concepts

    • Compound nouns: Two or more words combine to form a single noun (e.g., science fiction, passer-by).
    • Lexical set: A group of words sharing a common semantic category (e.g., 'apple,' 'kiwi,' 'banana').
    • Superordinate term: A more general term encompassing specific words (e.g., 'transport' for 'train,' 'bus').
    • Lexical field (or semantic field): A group of words relating to a particular topic (e.g., cooking).
    • **Word Families:**Words related in terms of form (e.g., Robbery, robber to rob, burglary, burglar, to burgle) .
    • Affixes: Bound morphemes (prefixes and suffixes) that change a word's meaning or part of speech.
    • Collocation: The way words are regularly used together (strong, like "spring to mind", or weaker, like "have breakfast").
    • False cognates (or false friends): Words that look similar in two languages but have different meanings.
    • Homophones: Words that sound the same but are spelled differently (or have different meanings), (e.g., 'bear' and 'bare').
    • Componential Analysis: A method that breaks down a word’s meaning into various component parts (e.g., 'man' = human + male + adult).

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz explores the significance of lexis in language teaching, tracing its evolution and importance since the 1980s. It discusses the COBUILD project and its impact on curriculum development and vocabulary instruction. Test your knowledge of how vocabulary integrates with grammar and the different forms of lexis.

    More Like This

    Key Terms and Semantics Quiz
    10 questions

    Key Terms and Semantics Quiz

    PrestigiousDaisy avatar
    PrestigiousDaisy
    Chemistry: Lewis Structures and Bonding
    12 questions

    Chemistry: Lewis Structures and Bonding

    BrainiestDouglasFir avatar
    BrainiestDouglasFir
    Lewis Ch. 34: Heart Failure Flashcards
    3 questions

    Lewis Ch. 34: Heart Failure Flashcards

    SharperEducation9982 avatar
    SharperEducation9982
    Lexus Car Models Study Guide
    12 questions

    Lexus Car Models Study Guide

    SnappyPiccoloTrumpet avatar
    SnappyPiccoloTrumpet
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser