Lexicon and Language Patterns
34 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What type of verbs are used to describe states?

  • Stative verbs (correct)
  • Intransitive verbs
  • Dynamic verbs
  • Transitive verbs

    • What does the perfect tense connect?

  • A present action to the past
  • A past action to the present (correct)
  • A future action to the present
  • A completed action to another completed action

    • Stative verbs provide information about the internal structure of the state.

    False

    The perfect tense can be formed by adding 'will' in front of the past participle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a morpheme?

    <p>The smallest linguistic unit with a grammatical function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a sentence using the present perfect tense?

    <p>I have written.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term __________ is known as pluperfect.

    <p>had written</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The verb 'love' is considered a _______ verb.

    <p>stative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the situation types with their examples:

    <p>State = Robert loves pizza Event = Jack fell down Action = Mary knows the way to the LHC Non-state = Jill came tumbling after</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following examples with their corresponding tense:

    <p>I have written = Present perfect I had written = Past perfect (pluperfect) I will have written = Future perfect Did you read = Simple past</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following words is an example of a morpheme?

    <p>Reconsideration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Words must be listed in the lexicon to be part of a language's vocabulary.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the parts of the morpheme in 'reconsideration'?

    <p>re-, consider, -ation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following demonstrates the consonant devoicing rule?

    <p>work → worke[t]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Agglutinative languages have a low ratio of morphemes to words.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of languages are characterized by a high ratio of morphemes to words?

    <p>Agglutinative languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of phonology and morphology, elements combine at the __________ level.

    <p>phonological</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Lexicon = Storage of monomorphemic and irregular forms Phonology = Study of sounds in a language Morphology = Study of word forms and structure Syntax = Study of sentence structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of irregular forms in the lexicon?

    <p>hold - held</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lexicon includes complex grammatical rules.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge for a morpheme-based approach in language?

    <p>Irregularity in paradigms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Joan Bybee suggest about the emergence of the lexicon?

    <p>It is based on the storage of linguistic experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infants are unable to infer word boundaries after being exposed to an artificial language for just two minutes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon demonstrates the power of visual memory according to Standing (1973)?

    <p>Participants recalled whether they had seen specific pictures after viewing 10,000 images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Joan Bybee’s argument suggests that the lexicon is emergent from the storage of __________ experiences.

    <p>linguistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Over-regularization = Applying regular grammatical rules to irregular forms Pattern recognition = Identifying patterns in linguistic data Linguistic experience = Exposure to language in various forms Monolithic surface forms = Storing complete phrases without analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of analogy in language learning?

    <p>Creating words like 'wugs' to predict others like 'bugs' and 'hugs'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Long-term recall of linguistic details is not possible according to the research presented.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What capability do humans possess regarding the recall of voices, words, and sentences?

    <p>The ability to recall them after brief exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the sentence 'He sliced me a large chunk of prime rib', who or what is the beneficiary of the action?

    <p>me</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'Experiencer' is the entity that initiates the action in a sentence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does 'Location' play in a sentence?

    <p>Place of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the sentence 'The ball rolled to the ______', the blank can be filled with the word 'goal'.

    <p>goal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following roles with their descriptions:

    <p>Agent = Initiator of action, capable of volition Theme = Entity moving, or being located Instrument = Intermediary used to perform the action Source = Starting point of the action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Verbs Describing States

    • Stative verbs describe states, conditions, or qualities.
    • Stative verbs provide information about the internal structure of a state.
    • Examples of stative verbs include 'love', 'know', 'believe', 'understand', 'have', and 'contain'.

    Perfect Tense

    • The perfect tense connects a completed event or action to a specific point in time.
    • The perfect tense relates the past to the present.
    • The perfect tense can be formed by adding 'have' or 'has' + past participle.
    • The perfect tense does not include 'will' in front of the past participle.

    Morpheme

    • A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in a language.
    • Morphemes can be words or parts of words.
    • They are building blocks of words in a language.
    • Examples of morphemes include prefixes, suffixes, roots, and base words.

    Sentence Using Present Perfect Tense

    • Present perfect tense indicates an action that started in the past and continues into the present.
    • Example:"I have lived in this city for ten years."

    Pluperfect & Verb Types

    • The term pluperfect is known as past perfect.
    • The verb 'love' is considered a stative verb.

    Situation Types & Examples

    • Situation types refer to the context in which a verb is used.
    • Situations & examples:
      • State: 'I am happy', 'She knows the answer'
      • Action: 'I walk to work', 'He ate the cake'
      • Possession: 'I have a car', 'She owns a house'
      • Perception: 'I see the sun', 'He hears the music'

    Tense Examples

    • Tense examples correspond to specific timeframes.
    • Examples & Tenes:
      • Present tense: 'I walk'
      • Past tense: 'I walked'
      • Future tense: 'I will walk'
      • Present perfect tense: 'I have walked'
      • Past perfect tense: 'I had walked'
      • Future perfect tense: 'I will have walked'

    Morpheme Example & Lexicon

    • The word "reconsideration" is an example of a morpheme.
    • Words must be listed in the lexicon to be part of a language's vocabulary.

    Morpheme Parts & Consonant Devoicing

    • The parts of the morpheme in "reconsideration":
      • re-: prefix
      • consider: root
      • -ation: suffix
    • Consonant devoicing rule: At the end of a word, voiced sounds often become voiceless.
      • Example: "dog" pronounced like "dogg"

    Agglutinative vs. Isolating Languages

    • Agglutinative languages have a low ratio of morphemes to words.
    • Isolating languages have a high ratio of morphemes to words.

    Levels of Combination

    • In phonology and morphology, elements combine at the morpheme level.

    Terms & Descriptions

    • Terms & descriptions:
      • Lexicon: The mental dictionary of a language
      • Morpheme: The smallest meaningful unit in a language
      • Phonology: The study of sound systems in language
      • Morphology: The study of word formation

    Lexicon Examples & Challenges

    • Irregular forms in the lexicon: Irregular verbs like 'go', 'be', and 'have' are examples.
    • The lexicon does not include complex grammatical rules.
    • A challenge for a morpheme-based approach in language is the irregular forms in the lexicon.

    Joan Bybee's Argument

    • Joan Bybee suggests that the lexicon emerges from the storage of lived experiences.

    Infant Language Acquisition & Visual Memory

    • Infants are unable to infer word boundaries after being exposed to an artificial language for just two minutes.
    • Standing (1973) demonstrated the power of visual memory, showing people can remember thousands of images after a short exposure.

    Experience & Lexicon

    • Joan Bybee's argument suggests that the lexicon emerges from the storage of lived experiences.

    Terms & Definitions

    • Terms & Definitions:
      • Analogy: The process of using existing knowledge to understand new concepts.
      • Emergent: Developing or arising naturally.
      • Inflection: The process of adding grammatical endings to words.

    Analogy in Language Learning & Recall

    • Analogy in language learning occurs when learners apply knowledge of existing words to understand new words or grammar.
    • Long-term recall of linguistic details is not possible according to the research presented.
    • Humans possess the capability of long-term recall for voices, words, and sentences.

    Sentence Roles

    • In the sentence 'He sliced me a large chunk of prime rib', the beneficiary of the action is 'me'.
    • The 'Experiencer' is the entity that undergoes a sensation or perception, not the entity that initiates the action.
    • Location in a sentence indicates where an action takes place or where an object is situated.
    • In the sentence 'The ball rolled to the ______', the blank can be filled with the word 'goal', which indicates location.

    Sentence Role Descriptions

    • Sentence Roles & descriptions:
      • Agent: The one who performs the action
      • Theme: The individual or object that is acted upon
      • Goal: The endpoint of the action
      • Source: The starting point of the action
      • Beneficiary: The one who benefits from the action
      • Location: The place where the action occurs
      • Instrument: The object used to perform the action
      • Experiencer: The one who perceives or feels

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Word Meaning IV PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricacies of how the human mind stores linguistic experiences and recognizes patterns. This quiz delves into pivotal studies by Saffran, Aslin, Newport, and Standing, highlighting our remarkable capacity for language learning and memory. Test your understanding of linguistic situations and verb classifications.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser