Lewis Structure and Electron Arrangement
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Questions and Answers

What is the electron arrangement of an oxygen atom?

  • 2.8
  • 2.6 (correct)
  • 2.4
  • 2.2

    • A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons.

    True

    What is the formula of the covalent molecule formed by two oxygen atoms?

    O2

    Each oxygen atom contributes ___ electrons for sharing.

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following compounds with their type of bond:

    <p>NH3 = Covalent Bond O2 = Double Covalent Bond CO2 = Double Covalent Bond NaCl = Ionic Bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many valence electrons does a carbon atom have?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A stable octet electron arrangement is achieved by having 8 valence electrons.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electron arrangement of a carbon atom?

    <p>2.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A covalent compound with the formula ___ is formed during the reaction of carbon with oxygen.

    <p>CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of an ionic bond?

    <p>Transfer of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons between non-metal atoms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond.

    <p>An ionic bond is formed by the transfer of electrons, while a covalent bond is formed by the sharing of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ionic compounds generally have _____ melting and boiling points compared to covalent compounds.

    <p>high</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following properties with their type of bond:

    <p>Transfer of electrons = Ionic bond Sharing of electrons = Covalent bond Forms a molecule = Covalent bond High melting point = Ionic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding ionic compounds?

    <p>They form positively and negatively charged ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Covalent bonds are typically formed between metal atoms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when an ionic bond is created between a metal atom and a non-metal atom?

    <p>A positively charged ion and a negatively charged ion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

    <p>A force holding atoms together due to shared electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A single covalent bond occurs when two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a molecule that contains a double covalent bond?

    <p>Oxygen (O2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a covalent bond, each atom contributes ______ electron(s) for sharing in a single bond.

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following molecules with the type of bond they form:

    <p>H2 = Single covalent bond O2 = Double covalent bond N2 = Triple covalent bond CO2 = Double covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrogen chloride (HCl) contains a double covalent bond.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general purpose of forming covalent bonds?

    <p>To achieve stability through electron sharing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The molecule ______ consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded through a single covalent bond.

    <p>H2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Electron Arrangement and Lewis Structures

    • Valence electrons play a crucial role in forming chemical bonds.
    • Atoms aim to achieve stable electron configurations, often following the octet rule (8 electrons) or duplet rule (2 electrons for lighter elements like hydrogen).

    Similarities between Ionic and Covalent Bonds

    • Both bond types involve only valence electrons.
    • Atoms strive for stable electron arrangements: either a duplet or octet.

    Differences between Ionic and Covalent Bonds

    • Ionic Bond:

      • Involves the transfer of electrons.
      • Occurs between metal and non-metal atoms.
      • Results in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions.
      • Generally has high melting and boiling points due to strong attraction forces.

    • Covalent Bond:

      • Involves the sharing of electrons.
      • Takes place between non-metal atoms.
      • Forms neutral molecules rather than ions.
      • Typically exhibits lower melting and boiling points due to weaker attraction forces.

    Ionic and Covalent Compounds

    • Ionic Compounds:

      • Formed through ionic bonds and usually result in the creation of salts.

    • Covalent Compounds:

      • Formed through covalent bonds; an example is ammonia (NH3).

    Formation of Covalent Molecules

    • Oxygen Molecule (O2):

      • Oxygen’s proton number is 8, with an electron arrangement of 2.6.
      • Each oxygen atom has 6 valence electrons and contributes 2 for sharing.
      • Two oxygen atoms share 2 electrons to form a double covalent bond.

    • Carbon Dioxide Molecule (CO2):

      • Carbon’s proton number is 6, with an electron arrangement of 2.4.
      • Carbon atom contributes 4 valence electrons for sharing.
      • Each atom involved in bonds contributes specific electrons, leading to the formation of double bonds as seen in CO2.

    Types of Covalent Bonds

    • Single Covalent Bond:

      • Example: Hydrogen (H2), where each hydrogen atom shares 1 electron.

    • Double Covalent Bond:

      • Example: Oxygen (O2), involving sharing of 2 pairs of electrons between two atoms.

    • Triple Covalent Bond:

      • Example: Nitrogen (N2), where three pairs of electrons are shared between two nitrogen atoms.

    Examples of Covalent Bonds

    • Single Bonds: H2, Cl2, HCl, H2O, NH3.
    • Double Bonds: O2, CO2.
    • Triple Bonds: N2.

    These arrangements illustrate how atoms bond to achieve stability and the differences between bond types that govern their properties in terms of melting and boiling points, as well as their structural formations.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the concepts of electron arrangement and Lewis structures, essential topics in chemistry. It covers the basic principles and provides insights into how to apply these concepts in various chemical scenarios. Ideal for SPM Chemistry students preparing for exams.

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