Levodopa in Parkinson's Disease
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Levodopa in Parkinson's Disease

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Questions and Answers

What is Levodopa used as in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

  • A dopamine precursor (correct)
  • A dopamine reuptake inhibitor
  • A dopamine receptor agonist
  • A dopamine decarboxylase inhibitor

    • Where is Levodopa taken up by in the basal ganglia?

  • GABAergic nerve endings
  • Serotonergic nerve endings
  • Dopaminergic nerve endings (correct)
  • Noradrenergic nerve endings

    • What is the therapeutic value of Levodopa in Parkinson's disease?

  • It only shows a curative activity
  • It has no therapeutic value
  • It has the highest therapeutic value (correct)
  • It stops the natural progression of the disease

    • When is Levodopa not recommended to be used?

    <p>In the early period when symptoms are mild</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients respond well to Levodopa?

    <p>1/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the therapeutic efficacy of Levodopa over time?

    <p>It decreases and disappears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Levodopa administered?

    <p>Orally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to Levodopa when ingested with food?

    <p>Its absorption is delayed and its bioavailability may decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an indicator that the dose of a drug should not be increased further?

    <p>The occurrence of drug-induced involuntary movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason levodopa is rarely used alone in treatment?

    <p>It is not produced in Turkey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of carbidopa and benserazide in combined levodopa preparations?

    <p>To inhibit the dopa-decarboxylase enzyme in the periphery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which period of treatment is the efficacy of the drug typically strongest?

    <p>First two years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the dopaminergic nerve ending is lost in the striatum?

    <p>Levodopa cannot convert to dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not used in the treatment of extrapyramidal disorders and parkinsonism caused by various drugs?

    <p>Dopaminergic agonist drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the number of D2 receptors with prolonged exposure to the agonist?

    <p>They decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using combined levodopa preparations?

    <p>To reduce the degradation of levodopa in the periphery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur suddenly in the daytime due to certain medications?

    <p>State of sleepiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should Levodopa not be used with multivitamins?

    <p>Because it reduces its central effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from sudden discontinuation of Levodopa and other dopaminergic drugs?

    <p>Neuroleptic malignant syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are dopamine receptor agonists often derived from?

    <p>Ergot alkaloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are anticholinergics not recommended with Levodopa?

    <p>Because they reduce its bioavailability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur when Levodopa is taken concomitantly with MAO inhibitors?

    <p>Hypertensive crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of effect do dopamine receptor agonists have compared to Levodopa and amantadine?

    <p>Stronger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characterized by confusion, rigidity, and hyperthermia?

    <p>Neuroleptic malignant syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Amantadine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Increasing dopamine release from nerve endings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Apomorphine used in special cases and under supervision?

    <p>It causes emesis in high doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Rotigotine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Activating dopamine D3 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of treatment with all dopaminergic agonist drugs?

    <p>Starting with a small dose and increasing gradually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Selegiline on dopamine receptors?

    <p>It has high affinity for dopamine D4 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common side effect of Amantadine?

    <p>Restlessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done when discontinuing treatment with dopaminergic agonist drugs?

    <p>Reduce the dose gradually over at least 1 week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic efficacy of Amantadine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Weak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of dopamine agonists?

    <p>Sudden sleepiness or falling asleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what percentage of patients can bromocriptine produce a sufficient therapeutic effect when used alone?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is bromocriptine preferred at the beginning of the disease?

    <p>Because of its high effectiveness in early stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the elimination half-life of bromocriptine?

    <p>3 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the dose of levodopa when bromocriptine is combined with it?

    <p>It is decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the systemic bioavailability of bromocriptine after oral ingestion?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential long-term side effect of ergot derivatives?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should bromocriptine be taken?

    <p>After meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

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