40 Questions
What is Levodopa used as in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
A dopamine precursor
Where is Levodopa taken up by in the basal ganglia?
Dopaminergic nerve endings
What is the therapeutic value of Levodopa in Parkinson's disease?
It has the highest therapeutic value
When is Levodopa not recommended to be used?
In the early period when symptoms are mild
What percentage of patients respond well to Levodopa?
1/3
What happens to the therapeutic efficacy of Levodopa over time?
It decreases and disappears
How is Levodopa administered?
Orally
What happens to Levodopa when ingested with food?
Its absorption is delayed and its bioavailability may decrease
What is an indicator that the dose of a drug should not be increased further?
The occurrence of drug-induced involuntary movements
What is the primary reason levodopa is rarely used alone in treatment?
It is not produced in Turkey
What is the purpose of carbidopa and benserazide in combined levodopa preparations?
To inhibit the dopa-decarboxylase enzyme in the periphery
In which period of treatment is the efficacy of the drug typically strongest?
First two years
What occurs when the dopaminergic nerve ending is lost in the striatum?
Levodopa cannot convert to dopamine
What is not used in the treatment of extrapyramidal disorders and parkinsonism caused by various drugs?
Dopaminergic agonist drugs
What happens to the number of D2 receptors with prolonged exposure to the agonist?
They decrease
What is the purpose of using combined levodopa preparations?
To reduce the degradation of levodopa in the periphery
What can occur suddenly in the daytime due to certain medications?
State of sleepiness
Why should Levodopa not be used with multivitamins?
Because it reduces its central effect
What can result from sudden discontinuation of Levodopa and other dopaminergic drugs?
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
What are dopamine receptor agonists often derived from?
Ergot alkaloids
Why are anticholinergics not recommended with Levodopa?
Because they reduce its bioavailability
What can occur when Levodopa is taken concomitantly with MAO inhibitors?
Hypertensive crisis
What type of effect do dopamine receptor agonists have compared to Levodopa and amantadine?
Stronger
What is characterized by confusion, rigidity, and hyperthermia?
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
What is the primary mechanism of action of Amantadine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
Increasing dopamine release from nerve endings
Why is Apomorphine used in special cases and under supervision?
It causes emesis in high doses
What is the primary effect of Rotigotine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
Activating dopamine D3 receptors
What is the common characteristic of treatment with all dopaminergic agonist drugs?
Starting with a small dose and increasing gradually
What is the effect of Selegiline on dopamine receptors?
It has high affinity for dopamine D4 receptors
What is the common side effect of Amantadine?
Restlessness
What should be done when discontinuing treatment with dopaminergic agonist drugs?
Reduce the dose gradually over at least 1 week
What is the therapeutic efficacy of Amantadine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
Weak
What is a potential side effect of dopamine agonists?
Sudden sleepiness or falling asleep
In what percentage of patients can bromocriptine produce a sufficient therapeutic effect when used alone?
50%
Why is bromocriptine preferred at the beginning of the disease?
Because of its high effectiveness in early stages
What is the elimination half-life of bromocriptine?
3 hours
What happens to the dose of levodopa when bromocriptine is combined with it?
It is decreased
What is the systemic bioavailability of bromocriptine after oral ingestion?
30%
What is a potential long-term side effect of ergot derivatives?
All of the above
How should bromocriptine be taken?
After meals
Learn about Levodopa, a precursor of dopamine used to treat Parkinson's disease. Understand its mechanism of action and therapeutic value in managing the condition.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
