Leviathan and Social Contract Theory Quiz

<p>To argue against moral desert in admissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deeply ingrained</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nature and purpose of the good</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Prejudice or contempt' should not be involved in judging applicants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Being black or Hispanic' can contribute to promoting diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide peace and defense to the people in exchange for their rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The consent of the governed through a social contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sovereign has the authority to define what is right and wrong</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human nature is neither inherently good nor bad, but can lead to selfishness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To preserve and enlarge individual freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Life, liberty, and property</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implicitly consenting by enjoying the benefits of society</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect natural rights and follow natural laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Egalitarianism, ensuring fairness and equality of opportunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ensures that individuals are not biased by their personal circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals should be rewarded based on their talents and efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure that any existing inequalities in society benefit the least-advantaged members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arbitrary factors that do not affect an individual's capacity for moral reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing equal access to education and job opportunities, regardless of an individual's background.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish a fair and impartial starting point for determining principles of justice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Freedom to accumulate unlimited wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is about meeting the legitimate expectations that arise from the established rules of society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are arbitrary and not necessarily indicative of moral worth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides open careers to those with the requisite talents and equality before the law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing equal opportunities but allowing distribution to result from a free market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They distribute income, wealth, and opportunity according to the accident of birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is rejected as a principle of distributive justice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are no less deserving or worthy, despite receiving fewer benefits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Life is inherently unfair because it values arbitrary qualities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps bring a more diverse range of backgrounds and perspectives to the classroom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and B.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ronald Dworkin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They oppose it as a violation of individual rights and academic merit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Universities have the right to define their own admissions policies based on the qualities they value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using race or ethnicity as a factor in admissions is unfair and violates individual rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced prejudice and inequalities in society</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps achieve a more diverse and pluralistic society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A state of war</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The multitude united in one person forming a Commonwealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because peace serves their self-interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent individuals from treating others poorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right to all things</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The embodiment of collective authority in a Commonwealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Solitary, poor, nasty, and brutish'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Illustrates a multitude united in one person forming a governing body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It discourages individuals from developing their skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior bargaining power</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By assuming an initial situation of equality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may choose to work less or not develop their skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encouraging talent development</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diminished reciprocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discouraging talent development</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Initial situation of equality'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Leviathan holds absolute authority, while Locke's governance involves consent and protection of natural rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To relinquish personal autonomy for collective security and protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consent reflects an individual's choice to be part of a society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The duty not to harm others</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect natural rights and ensure freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hobbes believes individuals retain full moral responsibility under the sovereign, while Locke asserts moral absolution when following sovereign directives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hobbes asserts that authority dictates what is right and wrong through absolute power, while Locke believes individuals possess inherent knowledge of morality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is unfair because it fails to account for the arbitrary nature of one's abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People are entitled to the benefits they earn under the established rules and principles of social cooperation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moral desert is irrelevant and should not be a factor in distributive justice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are equally deserving, but society fails to recognize their worth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is based on arbitrary and socially constructed values of what is desirable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rawls' theory emphasizes the arbitrary nature of talents, while a market society rewards them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social and economic inequalities should be arranged to benefit the least advantaged members of society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To meet the legitimate expectations that arise from the established rules of social cooperation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Universities have the right to define their mission and design admission policies that prioritize particular qualities, including race.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase racial consciousness, heighten racial tensions, and provoke resentment among white ethnic groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using race or ethnicity as a factor in admissions is unfair and violates the rights of applicants who are put at a competitive disadvantage through no fault of their own.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It brings 'differences in the backgrounds and outlook that students bring with them,' which enhances the educational experience for all students.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting a more meritocratic society</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text does not explicitly mention Kant and Rawls' views on the use of race in college admissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text does not explicitly discuss the concept of distributive justice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text does not provide enough information to determine the main principle behind Rawls' theory of justice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deciding what is right and wrong for society</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the enjoyment of life, liberty, and property</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inherently good and selfless</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are interdependent and complementary</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To preserve and expand freedom through law</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chaotic and dangerous environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensuring equal opportunity for all individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equal basic liberties for all</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Offices and positions open to all</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximizing the general welfare with priority to the least-advantaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ignorance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maximize benefits for the least-advantaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positions open to all under fair conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>With priority to benefit the least-advantaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They should be equally guaranteed for all individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To advance a socially worthy aim</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not address historical discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To advance the university's civic purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enables students to learn more from each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To address a history of discrimination and unfair disadvantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To address a history of discrimination and underrepresentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To advance social mobility based on economic status</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It perpetuates historical discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It damages the self-esteem of minority students</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It violates the rights of applicants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Admission should be based solely on academic merit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provoke resentment among certain groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Applicants deserve to be admitted based on their academic merit alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases racial consciousness and tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To value a specific set of qualities like academic skills or athletic abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'White ethnic groups feel they, too, should get a break'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal merit is based on arbitrary factors like natural talents and society's values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural talents should be viewed as a common asset, and their benefits shared to improve the situation of the less fortunate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wealth and opportunities should be distributed in a way that improves the situation of the least advantaged members of society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The qualities that society values are arbitrary and have no moral basis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No one deserves their natural talents or their starting position in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rawls' theory rejects the idea of rewarding individuals based solely on their personal merit or natural talents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text does not specify a main criterion for university admission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Admissions should not rely on morally arbitrary factors like natural talents or societal values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contributes to the social purpose the university serves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Segregation-era exclusion was based on racial superiority, while affirmative action promotes diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By judging applicants based on criteria related to the university's mission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Talented individuals may not always benefit from their skills under certain conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sovereign's authority is based on consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equality of power and knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are fundamental and should be protected</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compensation for past wrongs may be necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhancing diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damage the self-esteem of minority students, increase racial consciousness, heighten racial tensions, provoke resentment among white ethnic groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Academic merit alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It violates the rights of applicants and puts them at a competitive disadvantage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To equip disadvantaged minorities to assume leadership positions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Admissions policies should prize any particular set of qualities, whether academic skills, athletic abilities, or anything else.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bringing diverse backgrounds and outlooks that enhance the educational experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dworkin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is no inherent right to be considered on academic merit alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To achieve a more diverse classroom and a more equal society</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prizing any particular set of qualities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contribution to the social purpose the university serves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Segregation-era exclusion was based on racial superiority, while affirmative action aims to promote diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Based on the nature and purpose of that good</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent rejections out of prejudice or contempt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Success is not solely individual achievement but serves the social purpose of the university</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Race can be a socially useful trait for promoting diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serving the common good through teaching and research</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure fairness and prevent prejudice-driven rejections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Affirmative action promotes diversity while racial exclusion is based on racial superiority</p> Signup and view all the answers