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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
Label a diagram of a first class lever.
Label a diagram of a first class lever.
A first class lever has its fulcrum (joint) lying in between the effort (muscle) and the resistance (load that needs moving).
What does the fulcrum of a first class lever lie in between?
What does the fulcrum of a first class lever lie in between?
Effort (muscle) and resistance (load that needs moving)
What is a second class lever?
What is a second class lever?
A second class lever has its fulcrum at one end and the effort at the other. The resistance is then in the middle of the effort and the fulcrum.
Name an example of a second class lever and when it would be used.
Name an example of a second class lever and when it would be used.
What is a third class lever?
What is a third class lever?
Name an example of a third class lever and give an example of a sporting situation.
Name an example of a third class lever and give an example of a sporting situation.
To which bones in the arm does the effort in the elbow's third class lever apply?
To which bones in the arm does the effort in the elbow's third class lever apply?
Name an example of a first class lever.
Name an example of a first class lever.
What are the 3 main components allowing the second class lever in the ankle to function?
What are the 3 main components allowing the second class lever in the ankle to function?
What is effort arm?
What is effort arm?
What is resistance arm?
What is resistance arm?
When flexion happens at the elbow, the effort arm is the distance between which two components?
When flexion happens at the elbow, the effort arm is the distance between which two components?
In the elbow's third-class lever, how long is the resistance arm?
In the elbow's third-class lever, how long is the resistance arm?
State the mechanical advantage in first and third class levers.
State the mechanical advantage in first and third class levers.
State the mechanical advantage in second class levers.
State the mechanical advantage in second class levers.
Which activity is a second class lever ideal for?
Which activity is a second class lever ideal for?
What is the mechanical advantage equation?
What is the mechanical advantage equation?
Which levers have a mechanical advantage smaller than 1?
Which levers have a mechanical advantage smaller than 1?
What is the effort in a second class ankle lever?
What is the effort in a second class ankle lever?
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Lever Systems Overview
- Levers are classified into three types: first class, second class, and third class based on the arrangement of the fulcrum, effort, and resistance.
First Class Lever
- Fulcrum is positioned between effort (muscle) and resistance (load).
- Example: Neck raising the head; neck muscles act as effort, the neck as fulcrum, and the head's weight as resistance.
- Mechanical advantage is less than 1; effort arm is shorter than resistance arm.
Second Class Lever
- Fulcrum is at one end, with effort at the opposite end and resistance in the middle.
- Example: Ankle during sprinting; ball of foot is fulcrum, gastrocnemius is effort, and body weight acts as resistance.
- Ideal for lifting heavy weights due to longer effort arm compared to resistance arm.
- Mechanical advantage is greater than 1; effort arm is longer than resistance arm.
Third Class Lever
- Fulcrum is at one end; resistance is at the opposite end, and effort is in the middle.
- Example: Elbow joint during a tennis forehand; elbow acts as fulcrum, hand as resistance, and bicep as effort.
- Effort applies primarily to the radius and ulna bones in the arm.
- Mechanical advantage is less than 1; effort arm is shorter than resistance arm.
Key Components of Levers
- Effort Arm: Distance from the fulcrum to where the effort is applied (e.g., biceps to elbow joint in third class levers).
- Resistance Arm: Distance from the fulcrum to where resistance is located (e.g., weight needing movement).
- In the elbow's third class lever, the resistance arm is notably long.
Mechanical Advantage
- Equation: Mechanical advantage = Effort arm ÷ Resistance arm.
- First and third class levers tend to have a mechanical advantage of less than 1, making them less efficient than second class levers.
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