Levels of Structural Organization in Biology
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Questions and Answers

What type of charge does an anion have?

  • No charge
  • Positive charge (+)
  • Neutral charge
  • Negative charge (-) (correct)

    • What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

  • Anatomy determines what function physiology can take place (correct)
  • Physiology is separate from anatomy
  • Anatomy is separate from physiology
  • Physiology determines what structure anatomy can take

    • What is one of the characteristics of life?

  • Ability to fly
  • Ability to change shape
  • Ability to swim
  • Ability to maintain relatively stable internal condition (correct)

    • What is the function of the thin walls of the air sacs in the lungs?

    <p>Allowing gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of organization where cells perform specific functions?

    <p>Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of atoms are abundant in the human body?

    <p>Atoms such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of cells to work together for the good of the entire organism?

    <p>Functional interrelationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the function of an organ?

    <p>The structure of the organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of metabolism in an organism?

    <p>To acquire and use energy to perform vital functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the control system in the body?

    <p>To maintain a constant internal environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a disruption in the organized state of a cell, tissue, or organ?

    <p>Loss of function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the control center in the body's control system?

    <p>Central Nervous System (CNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of feedback control is used to maintain a stable body temperature?

    <p>Negative feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of an organism to sense and respond to environmental changes?

    <p>Responsiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the changes in form and size of an organism from generalized to specialized cells?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the receptor in the control system?

    <p>To receive the stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the formation of new cells or new organisms?

    <p>Reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a negative feedback response?

    <p>A decrease in the stimulus's intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of organs at the organ level?

    <p>To perform a particular function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a unicellular organism?

    <p>It has a single cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of organization at which related organs work together to perform a similar function?

    <p>Organ system level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of organization at which multiple cells are present?

    <p>Multicellular level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the building block of matter at the chemical level?

    <p>Atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of organization at which multiple organ systems combine to form an organism?

    <p>Organism level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epithelial tissue type?

    <p>It is responsible for protection and absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of organization at which similar cells are grouped together to perform a particular function?

    <p>Tissue level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the mesentery in the abdominopelvic cavity?

    <p>To provide a pathway for nerves and blood vessels to the digestive organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the space between the parietal and visceral pericardium?

    <p>Pericardial cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the parietal and visceral serous membranes?

    <p>The parietal membrane lines the body cavities, while the visceral membrane covers the internal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pericardial fluid in the pericardial cavity?

    <p>To reduce friction between the parietal and visceral pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cavity that contains the liver, digestive organs, and reproductive organs?

    <p>Peritoneal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the visceral peritoneum?

    <p>To cover the internal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the membrane that lines the walls of the body cavities?

    <p>Parietal peritoneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the pleura in the thoracic cavity?

    <p>To line the walls of the thoracic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical position of the body?

    <p>Feet parallel, arms hanging at the sides, and palms facing forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the control center comparing the value of a variable against a set point?

    <p>The effectors do not receive any more information from the control center and the response stops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of positive feedback?

    <p>Change proceeds in the same direction as the original stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the coronal plane in anatomy?

    <p>To describe a specific body part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of stimulation of sweat glands?

    <p>Secretion of sweat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of negative feedback?

    <p>Changes proceed in the opposite direction of the original stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of receptors in the body?

    <p>To send messages to the control center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the anatomical position?

    <p>It is used as a reference point to describe the location of body parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Levels of Structural Organization

    • Unicellular organisms: perform a particular function
    • Tissue level: composed of similar cells, four basic types: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous
    • Organ level: composed of different types of tissues, put together to perform a particular function
    • Organ system level: organs group together to perform a similar or related function
    • Organism level: highest level of structural organization, all organ systems combine to make up an organism

    Organs and Tissues

    • Epithelial tissue: forms the lining of organs, glands, and other body surfaces
    • Connective tissue: provides support and structure to the body, connects and anchors organs
    • Muscular tissue: allows for movement and contraction
    • Nervous tissue: responsible for transmitting and processing information

    Multicellular Organism

    • Composed of more than one cell, e.g. human
    • Cells, tissues, and organs work together to perform specific functions

    Chemical Level

    • Atoms: building blocks of matter, e.g. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium
    • Ions: atoms that have charges, positive (cation) or negative (anion)
    • Molecules: composed of two or more atoms

    Characteristics of Life

    • Organization: functional interrelationships between parts, how they interact to perform specific functions
    • Metabolism: sum of all chemical and physical changes sustaining an organism, ability to acquire and use energy
    • Responsiveness: ability to sense and respond to environmental changes, internal and external
    • Growth: ability to increase in size, includes cellular and extracellular materials
    • Development: changes in form and size, differentiation, changes in cell structure and function
    • Reproduction: formation of new cells or new organisms, can take place in both cellular and organismal levels

    Homeostasis

    • Ability to maintain relatively stable internal condition, despite changes in external environment
    • Primarily achieved by nervous and endocrine systems
    • Control system design: variable, receptor, control center, effector, and feedback control
    • Negative feedback: most common type of response, system output shuts off or reduces original stimulus's intensity

    Anatomical Position

    • Standard reference position, used to describe body parts and their relationships
    • Body standing erect, feet parallel, arms hanging at the sides, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing laterally
    • All relational descriptions based on this position, regardless of body orientation

    Body Planes and Section

    • Medical professionals use anatomical planes (flat surfaces) to describe sections of the body
    • Coronal plane (frontal plane): vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
    • Peritoneal cavity: houses the liver, digestive organs, and reproductive organs
    • Pericardial cavity: contains the heart and is housed in the mediastinum

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