Leukocytes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Match the leukocyte type with its function

  • Neutrophil - responsible for cell-mediated immunity
  • Eosinophil - associated with allergic reactions and parasite infection
  • Lymphocyte - serves as the defenders of the body against foreign invaders
  • Monocyte - leaves the blood and enters the tissues, where it matures into a macrophage (correct)

    • What is the lifespan of neutrophils before migrating to tissues through the blood vessel wall?

  • 48 hours
  • 1 hour
  • 24 hours
  • 10 hours (correct)

    • Which leukocyte constitutes the majority of circulatory leukocytes?

  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes
  • Eosinophils
  • Neutrophils (correct)

    • Which leukocyte is responsible for humeral immunity?

    <p>B lymphocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of monocyte in the peripheral blood?

    <p>2-8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte is associated with chronic inflammation?

    <p>Monocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concentration of eosinophils in peripheral blood?

    <p>1-3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of monocytes and macrophages?

    <p>Ingest and kill microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the nucleus in a lymphocyte?

    <p>About the size of an erythrocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What facilitates the migration of neutrophils to the site of inflammation, infection, or tissue injury?

    <p>Chemoattractant molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte has a segmented nucleus with two to four lobes that are joined by a thin nuclear filament?

    <p>Neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte has a nucleus that is irregular, frequently horseshoe or bean-like?

    <p>Monocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lifespan of neutrophils?

    <p>10 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of eosinophils?

    <p>To mediate allergic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte is the largest in size?

    <p>Monocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of monocyte in the peripheral blood?

    <p>2-8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of monocytes and macrophages?

    <p>Phagocytosis of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte is associated with chronic inflammation?

    <p>Eosinophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte is responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>Lymphocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concentration of eosinophils in peripheral blood?

    <p>1-3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nucleus shape of monocytes?

    <p>Irregular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte constitutes the majority of circulatory leukocytes?

    <p>Neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the nucleus of a lymphocyte?

    <p>Large</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of B lymphocytes?

    <p>Production of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leukocytes serve as the defenders of the body against foreign invaders. They are attracted to the site of ______, infection, or tissue injury by chemoattractants.

    <p>inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chromatin has condensed and stained black-purple. The mature PMN cytoplasm includes many secondary granules and is stained ______.

    <p>pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutrophils have an average lifespan of ______ hours before moving to tissues through the blood vessel wall.

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutrophils exit blood vessels and travel to sites of tissue injury or infection. Migration is facilitated by ______ molecules.

    <p>chemoattractant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After the particle is found and attached, the neutrophil's pseudopods wrap around it to make a ______.

    <p>phagosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The granules of neutrophil fuse with the digesting phagosome to ______ a phagolysosome.

    <p>produce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eosinophils spend very little time in the peripheral blood( 1-8 hours) before ______ to the tissues.

    <p>migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cytoplasm is filled with red–orange granules. Eosinophils are associated with allergic reactions, parasite infection, and ______ inflammation.

    <p>chronic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Basophils have bilobed nuclei and large purple-black granules distributed throughout the cytoplasm. The granules contain ______ and heparin.

    <p>histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monocytes leave the blood and enter the tissues, where it matures into a ______.

    <p>macrophage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nucleus is about the size of an erythrocyte and occupies about ______% of the cell area.

    <p>90</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The T lymphocyte responsible for ______-mediated immunity.

    <p>cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hematopoiesis?

    <p>The process of producing various types of blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of hematopoiesis?

    <p>Erythropoiesis, leukopoiesis, and thrombopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three cellular compartments of hematopoietic precursor cells?

    <p>Stem cells, progenitor cells, and maturing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of stem cells in total marrow nucleated cells?

    <p>0.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of progenitor cells in total nucleated hematopoietic cells?

    <p>3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of maturing cells in total hematopoietic cells?

    <p>More than 95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most hematopoietic growth factors produced?

    <p>Bone marrow stromal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of stromal cells in hematopoiesis?

    <p>An important source of cytokine production and produce various components of the extracellular matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the extracellular matrix composed of?

    <p>Collagen, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major hematopoietic growth factors?

    <p>Interleukin 1, 2, and 3, stem cell factor, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hematopoietic growth factors in hematopoiesis?

    <p>Regulate the survival, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hematopoietic microenvironment?

    <p>Crucial for the development of hematopoietic cells and includes cellular elements and extracellular components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hematopoiesis?

    <p>The process of producing various types of blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of hematopoiesis involved in the process?

    <p>Erythropoiesis, leukopoiesis, and thrombopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three cellular compartments of hematopoietic precursor cells?

    <p>Stem cells, progenitor cells, and maturing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of stem cells in total marrow nucleated cells?

    <p>0.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of progenitor cells in total nucleated hematopoietic cells?

    <p>3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of maturing cells in total hematopoietic cells?

    <p>More than 95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most hematopoietic growth factors produced?

    <p>Bone marrow stromal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hematopoietic microenvironment composed of?

    <p>Cellular elements and extracellular components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a stromal cell?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the extracellular matrix composed of?

    <p>Collagen, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a major hematopoietic growth factor?

    <p>Interleukin 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do hematopoietic growth factors regulate?

    <p>Survival, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hematopoiesis is the process of producing only red and white blood cells

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thrombopoiesis is the process of producing platelets

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stem cells give rise to only red and white blood cells

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Progenitor cells are morphologically indistinguishable from stem cells

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maturing cells constitute less than 95% of total hematopoietic cells

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hematopoietic growth factors regulate only the survival of hematopoietic precursor cells

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erythropoietin is produced mainly in the bone marrow stromal cells

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hematopoietic microenvironment includes only cellular elements

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The extracellular matrix provides structural support and mediates progenitor cell binding to stroma

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Interleukin 1, 2, and 3 have lineage-specific actions in promoting the growth of various blood cell types

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GM-CSF promotes the growth of granulocytes and monocytes

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thrombopoietin promotes the growth of red blood cells

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hematopoiesis?

    <p>The process of producing various types of blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three cellular compartments of hematopoietic precursor cells?

    <p>Stem cells, progenitor cells, and maturing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of stem cells in hematopoiesis?

    <p>Undifferentiated and give rise to all bone marrow cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are progenitor cells in hematopoiesis?

    <p>Morphologically recognizable precursor cells that are restricted in development potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are maturing cells in hematopoiesis?

    <p>Morphologically recognizable cells that have lost the capacity for proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are hematopoietic growth factors or cytokines?

    <p>Regulate the survival, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most growth factors produced?

    <p>In the bone marrow stromal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hematopoietic microenvironment?

    <p>Crucial for the development of hematopoietic cells and includes cellular elements and extracellular components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are stromal cells in the hematopoietic microenvironment?

    <p>Adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the extracellular matrix in the hematopoietic microenvironment composed of?

    <p>Collagen, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major hematopoietic growth factors?

    <p>Interleukin 1, 2, and 3, stem cell factor, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is erythropoietin and where is it produced?

    <p>A growth factor that promotes the growth of red blood cells and is produced mainly in the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of plasma in blood volume?

    <p>55%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main protein constituent of plasma?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of leukocytes in blood?

    <p>Defending the body against foreign antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of platelets in blood?

    <p>Maintaining hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature of blood?

    <p>37-38°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH of blood?

    <p>7.35-7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of whole blood?

    <p>Bright dark red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fraction of body weight that blood represents?

    <p>8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main ion necessary for normal cell function in blood?

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of erythrocytes in blood?

    <p>Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the viscosity of whole blood relative to water?

    <p>4.5-5.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important component in maintaining osmotic pressure in plasma?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plasma makes up approximately 45% of the blood volume.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erythrocytes are responsible for defending the body against foreign antigens.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Albumin is the most important component in maintaining osmotic pressure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Immunoglobulins and complements are specialized blood proteins involved in immune defense.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The coagulation proteins are responsible for transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and body tissues.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin, which is responsible for maintaining normal hemostasis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Platelets are necessary for maintaining hemostasis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main protein constituent of plasma is immunoglobulin.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The principal ions necessary for normal cell function include calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, and hydrogen.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The volume of blood in a male body is approximately 5-6 L.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The temperature of blood is naturally slightly acidic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The viscosity of whole blood is higher than that of plasma.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the liquid component of blood?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three cellular elements of blood?

    <p>Leukocyte, Platelets, and Erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the blood volume is plasma?

    <p>55%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal component of plasma?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main ions necessary for normal cell function?

    <p>Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Magnesium, and Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main protein constituent of plasma?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of albumin in blood plasma?

    <p>Maintaining osmotic pressure and carrying compounds such as bilirubin and heme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the specialized blood proteins involved in immune defense?

    <p>Immunoglobulins and complements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of erythrocytes in blood?

    <p>Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and body tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of leukocytes in blood?

    <p>Defending the body against foreign antigens such as bacteria and viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of platelets in blood?

    <p>Maintaining hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal pH range of blood?

    <p>7.35 - 7.45 (naturally slightly alkaline or basic)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Growth Factors

    • Hematopoiesis is the process of producing various types of blood cells and is regulated by cytokines and takes place in specialized microenvironments.
    • Hematopoiesis involves erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation), leukopoiesis (white blood cell formation), and thrombopoiesis (platelet formation).
    • Hematopoietic precursor cells can be divided into three cellular compartments: stem cells, progenitor cells, and maturing cells.
    • Stem cells are undifferentiated and give rise to all bone marrow cells. They constitute only 0.5% of the total marrow nucleated cells and are pluripotential with self-renewal capabilities.
    • Progenitor cells are morphologically recognizable precursor cells that are restricted in development potential and constitute 3% of the total nucleated hematopoietic cells.
    • Maturing cells constitute more than 95% of total hematopoietic cells and are morphologically recognizable, but the capacity for proliferation is lost before full maturation.
    • Hematopoietic growth factors or cytokines regulate the survival, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells.
    • Most growth factors are produced in the bone marrow stromal cells, with erythropoietin being produced mainly in the kidney.
    • Hematopoietic microenvironment is crucial for the development of hematopoietic cells and includes cellular elements and extracellular components.
    • Stromal cells, including adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, are an important source of cytokine production and produce various components of the extracellular matrix.
    • The extracellular matrix is composed of collagen, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans, which provide structural support and mediate progenitor cell binding to stroma.
    • Major hematopoietic growth factors include interleukin 1, 2, and 3, stem cell factor, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin, which have lineage-specific actions in promoting the growth of various blood cell types.

    Overview of Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Growth Factors

    • Hematopoiesis is the process of producing various types of blood cells and is regulated by cytokines and takes place in specialized microenvironments.
    • Hematopoiesis involves erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation), leukopoiesis (white blood cell formation), and thrombopoiesis (platelet formation).
    • Hematopoietic precursor cells can be divided into three cellular compartments: stem cells, progenitor cells, and maturing cells.
    • Stem cells are undifferentiated and give rise to all bone marrow cells. They constitute only 0.5% of the total marrow nucleated cells and are pluripotential with self-renewal capabilities.
    • Progenitor cells are morphologically recognizable precursor cells that are restricted in development potential and constitute 3% of the total nucleated hematopoietic cells.
    • Maturing cells constitute more than 95% of total hematopoietic cells and are morphologically recognizable, but the capacity for proliferation is lost before full maturation.
    • Hematopoietic growth factors or cytokines regulate the survival, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells.
    • Most growth factors are produced in the bone marrow stromal cells, with erythropoietin being produced mainly in the kidney.
    • Hematopoietic microenvironment is crucial for the development of hematopoietic cells and includes cellular elements and extracellular components.
    • Stromal cells, including adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, are an important source of cytokine production and produce various components of the extracellular matrix.
    • The extracellular matrix is composed of collagen, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans, which provide structural support and mediate progenitor cell binding to stroma.
    • Major hematopoietic growth factors include interleukin 1, 2, and 3, stem cell factor, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin, which have lineage-specific actions in promoting the growth of various blood cell types.

    Overview of Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Growth Factors

    • Hematopoiesis is the process of producing various types of blood cells and is regulated by cytokines and takes place in specialized microenvironments.
    • Hematopoiesis involves erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation), leukopoiesis (white blood cell formation), and thrombopoiesis (platelet formation).
    • Hematopoietic precursor cells can be divided into three cellular compartments: stem cells, progenitor cells, and maturing cells.
    • Stem cells are undifferentiated and give rise to all bone marrow cells. They constitute only 0.5% of the total marrow nucleated cells and are pluripotential with self-renewal capabilities.
    • Progenitor cells are morphologically recognizable precursor cells that are restricted in development potential and constitute 3% of the total nucleated hematopoietic cells.
    • Maturing cells constitute more than 95% of total hematopoietic cells and are morphologically recognizable, but the capacity for proliferation is lost before full maturation.
    • Hematopoietic growth factors or cytokines regulate the survival, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells.
    • Most growth factors are produced in the bone marrow stromal cells, with erythropoietin being produced mainly in the kidney.
    • Hematopoietic microenvironment is crucial for the development of hematopoietic cells and includes cellular elements and extracellular components.
    • Stromal cells, including adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, are an important source of cytokine production and produce various components of the extracellular matrix.
    • The extracellular matrix is composed of collagen, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans, which provide structural support and mediate progenitor cell binding to stroma.
    • Major hematopoietic growth factors include interleukin 1, 2, and 3, stem cell factor, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin, which have lineage-specific actions in promoting the growth of various blood cell types.

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    Test your knowledge on leukocytes and their role in the body's defense mechanism. From stem cell development to migration and function, this quiz will cover the essential concepts and keywords related to leukocytes. Get ready to learn and challenge yourself with this informative quiz!

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