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Questions and Answers
Match the leukocyte type with its function
Match the leukocyte type with its function
- Neutrophil - responsible for cell-mediated immunity
- Eosinophil - associated with allergic reactions and parasite infection
- Lymphocyte - serves as the defenders of the body against foreign invaders
- Monocyte - leaves the blood and enters the tissues, where it matures into a macrophage (correct)
What is the lifespan of neutrophils before migrating to tissues through the blood vessel wall?
What is the lifespan of neutrophils before migrating to tissues through the blood vessel wall?
- 48 hours
- 1 hour
- 24 hours
- 10 hours (correct)
Which leukocyte constitutes the majority of circulatory leukocytes?
Which leukocyte constitutes the majority of circulatory leukocytes?
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
- Eosinophils
- Neutrophils (correct)
Which leukocyte is responsible for humeral immunity?
Which leukocyte is responsible for humeral immunity?
What is the normal range of monocyte in the peripheral blood?
What is the normal range of monocyte in the peripheral blood?
Which leukocyte is associated with chronic inflammation?
Which leukocyte is associated with chronic inflammation?
What is the concentration of eosinophils in peripheral blood?
What is the concentration of eosinophils in peripheral blood?
What is the function of monocytes and macrophages?
What is the function of monocytes and macrophages?
What is the size of the nucleus in a lymphocyte?
What is the size of the nucleus in a lymphocyte?
What facilitates the migration of neutrophils to the site of inflammation, infection, or tissue injury?
What facilitates the migration of neutrophils to the site of inflammation, infection, or tissue injury?
Which leukocyte has a segmented nucleus with two to four lobes that are joined by a thin nuclear filament?
Which leukocyte has a segmented nucleus with two to four lobes that are joined by a thin nuclear filament?
Which leukocyte has a nucleus that is irregular, frequently horseshoe or bean-like?
Which leukocyte has a nucleus that is irregular, frequently horseshoe or bean-like?
What is the lifespan of neutrophils?
What is the lifespan of neutrophils?
What is the function of eosinophils?
What is the function of eosinophils?
Which leukocyte is the largest in size?
Which leukocyte is the largest in size?
What is the normal range of monocyte in the peripheral blood?
What is the normal range of monocyte in the peripheral blood?
What is the function of monocytes and macrophages?
What is the function of monocytes and macrophages?
Which leukocyte is associated with chronic inflammation?
Which leukocyte is associated with chronic inflammation?
Which leukocyte is responsible for cell-mediated immunity?
Which leukocyte is responsible for cell-mediated immunity?
What is the concentration of eosinophils in peripheral blood?
What is the concentration of eosinophils in peripheral blood?
What is the nucleus shape of monocytes?
What is the nucleus shape of monocytes?
Which leukocyte constitutes the majority of circulatory leukocytes?
Which leukocyte constitutes the majority of circulatory leukocytes?
What is the size of the nucleus of a lymphocyte?
What is the size of the nucleus of a lymphocyte?
What is the function of B lymphocytes?
What is the function of B lymphocytes?
Leukocytes serve as the defenders of the body against foreign invaders. They are attracted to the site of ______, infection, or tissue injury by chemoattractants.
Leukocytes serve as the defenders of the body against foreign invaders. They are attracted to the site of ______, infection, or tissue injury by chemoattractants.
The chromatin has condensed and stained black-purple. The mature PMN cytoplasm includes many secondary granules and is stained ______.
The chromatin has condensed and stained black-purple. The mature PMN cytoplasm includes many secondary granules and is stained ______.
Neutrophils have an average lifespan of ______ hours before moving to tissues through the blood vessel wall.
Neutrophils have an average lifespan of ______ hours before moving to tissues through the blood vessel wall.
Neutrophils exit blood vessels and travel to sites of tissue injury or infection. Migration is facilitated by ______ molecules.
Neutrophils exit blood vessels and travel to sites of tissue injury or infection. Migration is facilitated by ______ molecules.
After the particle is found and attached, the neutrophil's pseudopods wrap around it to make a ______.
After the particle is found and attached, the neutrophil's pseudopods wrap around it to make a ______.
The granules of neutrophil fuse with the digesting phagosome to ______ a phagolysosome.
The granules of neutrophil fuse with the digesting phagosome to ______ a phagolysosome.
Eosinophils spend very little time in the peripheral blood( 1-8 hours) before ______ to the tissues.
Eosinophils spend very little time in the peripheral blood( 1-8 hours) before ______ to the tissues.
The cytoplasm is filled with red–orange granules. Eosinophils are associated with allergic reactions, parasite infection, and ______ inflammation.
The cytoplasm is filled with red–orange granules. Eosinophils are associated with allergic reactions, parasite infection, and ______ inflammation.
Basophils have bilobed nuclei and large purple-black granules distributed throughout the cytoplasm. The granules contain ______ and heparin.
Basophils have bilobed nuclei and large purple-black granules distributed throughout the cytoplasm. The granules contain ______ and heparin.
Monocytes leave the blood and enter the tissues, where it matures into a ______.
Monocytes leave the blood and enter the tissues, where it matures into a ______.
The nucleus is about the size of an erythrocyte and occupies about ______% of the cell area.
The nucleus is about the size of an erythrocyte and occupies about ______% of the cell area.
The T lymphocyte responsible for ______-mediated immunity.
The T lymphocyte responsible for ______-mediated immunity.
What is hematopoiesis?
What is hematopoiesis?
What are the three types of hematopoiesis?
What are the three types of hematopoiesis?
What are the three cellular compartments of hematopoietic precursor cells?
What are the three cellular compartments of hematopoietic precursor cells?
What is the percentage of stem cells in total marrow nucleated cells?
What is the percentage of stem cells in total marrow nucleated cells?
What is the percentage of progenitor cells in total nucleated hematopoietic cells?
What is the percentage of progenitor cells in total nucleated hematopoietic cells?
What is the percentage of maturing cells in total hematopoietic cells?
What is the percentage of maturing cells in total hematopoietic cells?
Where are most hematopoietic growth factors produced?
Where are most hematopoietic growth factors produced?
What is the role of stromal cells in hematopoiesis?
What is the role of stromal cells in hematopoiesis?
What is the extracellular matrix composed of?
What is the extracellular matrix composed of?
What are the major hematopoietic growth factors?
What are the major hematopoietic growth factors?
What is the role of hematopoietic growth factors in hematopoiesis?
What is the role of hematopoietic growth factors in hematopoiesis?
What is the hematopoietic microenvironment?
What is the hematopoietic microenvironment?
What is hematopoiesis?
What is hematopoiesis?
What are the three types of hematopoiesis involved in the process?
What are the three types of hematopoiesis involved in the process?
What are the three cellular compartments of hematopoietic precursor cells?
What are the three cellular compartments of hematopoietic precursor cells?
What is the percentage of stem cells in total marrow nucleated cells?
What is the percentage of stem cells in total marrow nucleated cells?
What is the percentage of progenitor cells in total nucleated hematopoietic cells?
What is the percentage of progenitor cells in total nucleated hematopoietic cells?
What is the percentage of maturing cells in total hematopoietic cells?
What is the percentage of maturing cells in total hematopoietic cells?
Where are most hematopoietic growth factors produced?
Where are most hematopoietic growth factors produced?
What is the hematopoietic microenvironment composed of?
What is the hematopoietic microenvironment composed of?
Which of the following is not a stromal cell?
Which of the following is not a stromal cell?
What is the extracellular matrix composed of?
What is the extracellular matrix composed of?
Which of the following is not a major hematopoietic growth factor?
Which of the following is not a major hematopoietic growth factor?
What do hematopoietic growth factors regulate?
What do hematopoietic growth factors regulate?
Hematopoiesis is the process of producing only red and white blood cells
Hematopoiesis is the process of producing only red and white blood cells
Thrombopoiesis is the process of producing platelets
Thrombopoiesis is the process of producing platelets
Stem cells give rise to only red and white blood cells
Stem cells give rise to only red and white blood cells
Progenitor cells are morphologically indistinguishable from stem cells
Progenitor cells are morphologically indistinguishable from stem cells
Maturing cells constitute less than 95% of total hematopoietic cells
Maturing cells constitute less than 95% of total hematopoietic cells
Hematopoietic growth factors regulate only the survival of hematopoietic precursor cells
Hematopoietic growth factors regulate only the survival of hematopoietic precursor cells
Erythropoietin is produced mainly in the bone marrow stromal cells
Erythropoietin is produced mainly in the bone marrow stromal cells
Hematopoietic microenvironment includes only cellular elements
Hematopoietic microenvironment includes only cellular elements
The extracellular matrix provides structural support and mediates progenitor cell binding to stroma
The extracellular matrix provides structural support and mediates progenitor cell binding to stroma
Interleukin 1, 2, and 3 have lineage-specific actions in promoting the growth of various blood cell types
Interleukin 1, 2, and 3 have lineage-specific actions in promoting the growth of various blood cell types
GM-CSF promotes the growth of granulocytes and monocytes
GM-CSF promotes the growth of granulocytes and monocytes
Thrombopoietin promotes the growth of red blood cells
Thrombopoietin promotes the growth of red blood cells
What is hematopoiesis?
What is hematopoiesis?
What are the three cellular compartments of hematopoietic precursor cells?
What are the three cellular compartments of hematopoietic precursor cells?
What is the function of stem cells in hematopoiesis?
What is the function of stem cells in hematopoiesis?
What are progenitor cells in hematopoiesis?
What are progenitor cells in hematopoiesis?
What are maturing cells in hematopoiesis?
What are maturing cells in hematopoiesis?
What are hematopoietic growth factors or cytokines?
What are hematopoietic growth factors or cytokines?
Where are most growth factors produced?
Where are most growth factors produced?
What is the hematopoietic microenvironment?
What is the hematopoietic microenvironment?
What are stromal cells in the hematopoietic microenvironment?
What are stromal cells in the hematopoietic microenvironment?
What is the extracellular matrix in the hematopoietic microenvironment composed of?
What is the extracellular matrix in the hematopoietic microenvironment composed of?
What are the major hematopoietic growth factors?
What are the major hematopoietic growth factors?
What is erythropoietin and where is it produced?
What is erythropoietin and where is it produced?
What is the percentage of plasma in blood volume?
What is the percentage of plasma in blood volume?
What is the main protein constituent of plasma?
What is the main protein constituent of plasma?
What is the function of leukocytes in blood?
What is the function of leukocytes in blood?
What is the function of platelets in blood?
What is the function of platelets in blood?
What is the temperature of blood?
What is the temperature of blood?
What is the pH of blood?
What is the pH of blood?
What is the color of whole blood?
What is the color of whole blood?
What is the fraction of body weight that blood represents?
What is the fraction of body weight that blood represents?
What is the main ion necessary for normal cell function in blood?
What is the main ion necessary for normal cell function in blood?
What is the function of erythrocytes in blood?
What is the function of erythrocytes in blood?
What is the viscosity of whole blood relative to water?
What is the viscosity of whole blood relative to water?
What is the most important component in maintaining osmotic pressure in plasma?
What is the most important component in maintaining osmotic pressure in plasma?
Plasma makes up approximately 45% of the blood volume.
Plasma makes up approximately 45% of the blood volume.
Erythrocytes are responsible for defending the body against foreign antigens.
Erythrocytes are responsible for defending the body against foreign antigens.
Albumin is the most important component in maintaining osmotic pressure.
Albumin is the most important component in maintaining osmotic pressure.
Immunoglobulins and complements are specialized blood proteins involved in immune defense.
Immunoglobulins and complements are specialized blood proteins involved in immune defense.
The coagulation proteins are responsible for transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and body tissues.
The coagulation proteins are responsible for transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and body tissues.
Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin, which is responsible for maintaining normal hemostasis.
Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin, which is responsible for maintaining normal hemostasis.
Platelets are necessary for maintaining hemostasis.
Platelets are necessary for maintaining hemostasis.
The main protein constituent of plasma is immunoglobulin.
The main protein constituent of plasma is immunoglobulin.
The principal ions necessary for normal cell function include calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, and hydrogen.
The principal ions necessary for normal cell function include calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, and hydrogen.
The volume of blood in a male body is approximately 5-6 L.
The volume of blood in a male body is approximately 5-6 L.
The temperature of blood is naturally slightly acidic.
The temperature of blood is naturally slightly acidic.
The viscosity of whole blood is higher than that of plasma.
The viscosity of whole blood is higher than that of plasma.
What is the liquid component of blood?
What is the liquid component of blood?
What are the three cellular elements of blood?
What are the three cellular elements of blood?
What percentage of the blood volume is plasma?
What percentage of the blood volume is plasma?
What is the principal component of plasma?
What is the principal component of plasma?
What are the main ions necessary for normal cell function?
What are the main ions necessary for normal cell function?
What is the main protein constituent of plasma?
What is the main protein constituent of plasma?
What is the function of albumin in blood plasma?
What is the function of albumin in blood plasma?
What are the specialized blood proteins involved in immune defense?
What are the specialized blood proteins involved in immune defense?
What is the function of erythrocytes in blood?
What is the function of erythrocytes in blood?
What is the function of leukocytes in blood?
What is the function of leukocytes in blood?
What is the function of platelets in blood?
What is the function of platelets in blood?
What is the normal pH range of blood?
What is the normal pH range of blood?
Flashcards
Hematopoiesis
Hematopoiesis
The process of producing various types of blood cells, regulated by cytokines in specialized microenvironments.
Erythropoiesis
Erythropoiesis
Red blood cell formation.
Leukopoiesis
Leukopoiesis
White blood cell formation.
Thrombopoiesis
Thrombopoiesis
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Stem Cells (Hematopoietic)
Stem Cells (Hematopoietic)
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Progenitor Cells
Progenitor Cells
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Maturing Cells
Maturing Cells
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Hematopoietic Growth Factors (Cytokines)
Hematopoietic Growth Factors (Cytokines)
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Hematopoietic Microenvironment
Hematopoietic Microenvironment
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Stromal Cells
Stromal Cells
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Extracellular Matrix
Extracellular Matrix
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Lineage-Specific Actions
Lineage-Specific Actions
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Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin
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Stem Cell Factor (SCF)
Stem Cell Factor (SCF)
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GM-CSF (Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor)
GM-CSF (Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor)
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G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor)
G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor)
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M-CSF (Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor)
M-CSF (Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor)
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Thrombopoietin
Thrombopoietin
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Study Notes
Overview of Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Growth Factors
- Hematopoiesis is the process of producing various types of blood cells and is regulated by cytokines and takes place in specialized microenvironments.
- Hematopoiesis involves erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation), leukopoiesis (white blood cell formation), and thrombopoiesis (platelet formation).
- Hematopoietic precursor cells can be divided into three cellular compartments: stem cells, progenitor cells, and maturing cells.
- Stem cells are undifferentiated and give rise to all bone marrow cells. They constitute only 0.5% of the total marrow nucleated cells and are pluripotential with self-renewal capabilities.
- Progenitor cells are morphologically recognizable precursor cells that are restricted in development potential and constitute 3% of the total nucleated hematopoietic cells.
- Maturing cells constitute more than 95% of total hematopoietic cells and are morphologically recognizable, but the capacity for proliferation is lost before full maturation.
- Hematopoietic growth factors or cytokines regulate the survival, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells.
- Most growth factors are produced in the bone marrow stromal cells, with erythropoietin being produced mainly in the kidney.
- Hematopoietic microenvironment is crucial for the development of hematopoietic cells and includes cellular elements and extracellular components.
- Stromal cells, including adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, are an important source of cytokine production and produce various components of the extracellular matrix.
- The extracellular matrix is composed of collagen, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans, which provide structural support and mediate progenitor cell binding to stroma.
- Major hematopoietic growth factors include interleukin 1, 2, and 3, stem cell factor, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin, which have lineage-specific actions in promoting the growth of various blood cell types.
Overview of Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Growth Factors
- Hematopoiesis is the process of producing various types of blood cells and is regulated by cytokines and takes place in specialized microenvironments.
- Hematopoiesis involves erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation), leukopoiesis (white blood cell formation), and thrombopoiesis (platelet formation).
- Hematopoietic precursor cells can be divided into three cellular compartments: stem cells, progenitor cells, and maturing cells.
- Stem cells are undifferentiated and give rise to all bone marrow cells. They constitute only 0.5% of the total marrow nucleated cells and are pluripotential with self-renewal capabilities.
- Progenitor cells are morphologically recognizable precursor cells that are restricted in development potential and constitute 3% of the total nucleated hematopoietic cells.
- Maturing cells constitute more than 95% of total hematopoietic cells and are morphologically recognizable, but the capacity for proliferation is lost before full maturation.
- Hematopoietic growth factors or cytokines regulate the survival, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells.
- Most growth factors are produced in the bone marrow stromal cells, with erythropoietin being produced mainly in the kidney.
- Hematopoietic microenvironment is crucial for the development of hematopoietic cells and includes cellular elements and extracellular components.
- Stromal cells, including adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, are an important source of cytokine production and produce various components of the extracellular matrix.
- The extracellular matrix is composed of collagen, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans, which provide structural support and mediate progenitor cell binding to stroma.
- Major hematopoietic growth factors include interleukin 1, 2, and 3, stem cell factor, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin, which have lineage-specific actions in promoting the growth of various blood cell types.
Overview of Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Growth Factors
- Hematopoiesis is the process of producing various types of blood cells and is regulated by cytokines and takes place in specialized microenvironments.
- Hematopoiesis involves erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation), leukopoiesis (white blood cell formation), and thrombopoiesis (platelet formation).
- Hematopoietic precursor cells can be divided into three cellular compartments: stem cells, progenitor cells, and maturing cells.
- Stem cells are undifferentiated and give rise to all bone marrow cells. They constitute only 0.5% of the total marrow nucleated cells and are pluripotential with self-renewal capabilities.
- Progenitor cells are morphologically recognizable precursor cells that are restricted in development potential and constitute 3% of the total nucleated hematopoietic cells.
- Maturing cells constitute more than 95% of total hematopoietic cells and are morphologically recognizable, but the capacity for proliferation is lost before full maturation.
- Hematopoietic growth factors or cytokines regulate the survival, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells.
- Most growth factors are produced in the bone marrow stromal cells, with erythropoietin being produced mainly in the kidney.
- Hematopoietic microenvironment is crucial for the development of hematopoietic cells and includes cellular elements and extracellular components.
- Stromal cells, including adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, are an important source of cytokine production and produce various components of the extracellular matrix.
- The extracellular matrix is composed of collagen, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans, which provide structural support and mediate progenitor cell binding to stroma.
- Major hematopoietic growth factors include interleukin 1, 2, and 3, stem cell factor, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin, which have lineage-specific actions in promoting the growth of various blood cell types.
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