Leukocytes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Match the leukocyte type with its function

Neutrophil - responsible for cell-mediated immunity

Eosinophil - associated with allergic reactions and parasite infection

Lymphocyte - serves as the defenders of the body against foreign invaders

Monocyte - leaves the blood and enters the tissues, where it matures into a macrophage (correct)

What is the lifespan of neutrophils before migrating to tissues through the blood vessel wall?

48 hours

1 hour

24 hours

10 hours (correct)

Which leukocyte constitutes the majority of circulatory leukocytes?

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

Eosinophils

Neutrophils (correct)

Which leukocyte is responsible for humeral immunity?

B lymphocyte Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of monocyte in the peripheral blood?

2-8% Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte is associated with chronic inflammation?

Monocyte Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of eosinophils in peripheral blood?

1-3% Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of monocytes and macrophages?

Ingest and kill microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of the nucleus in a lymphocyte?

About the size of an erythrocyte Signup and view all the answers

What facilitates the migration of neutrophils to the site of inflammation, infection, or tissue injury?

Chemoattractant molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte has a segmented nucleus with two to four lobes that are joined by a thin nuclear filament?

Neutrophil Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte has a nucleus that is irregular, frequently horseshoe or bean-like?

Monocyte Signup and view all the answers

What is the lifespan of neutrophils?

10 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of eosinophils?

To mediate allergic reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte is the largest in size?

Monocyte Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of monocyte in the peripheral blood?

2-8% Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of monocytes and macrophages?

Phagocytosis of microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte is associated with chronic inflammation?

Eosinophil Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte is responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

Lymphocyte Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of eosinophils in peripheral blood?

1-3% Signup and view all the answers

What is the nucleus shape of monocytes?

Irregular Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte constitutes the majority of circulatory leukocytes?

Neutrophil Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of the nucleus of a lymphocyte?

Large Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B lymphocytes?

Production of antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Leukocytes serve as the defenders of the body against foreign invaders. They are attracted to the site of ______, infection, or tissue injury by chemoattractants.

inflammation Signup and view all the answers

The chromatin has condensed and stained black-purple. The mature PMN cytoplasm includes many secondary granules and is stained ______.

pink Signup and view all the answers

Neutrophils have an average lifespan of ______ hours before moving to tissues through the blood vessel wall.

10 Signup and view all the answers

Neutrophils exit blood vessels and travel to sites of tissue injury or infection. Migration is facilitated by ______ molecules.

chemoattractant Signup and view all the answers

After the particle is found and attached, the neutrophil's pseudopods wrap around it to make a ______.

phagosome Signup and view all the answers

The granules of neutrophil fuse with the digesting phagosome to ______ a phagolysosome.

produce Signup and view all the answers

Eosinophils spend very little time in the peripheral blood( 1-8 hours) before ______ to the tissues.

migration Signup and view all the answers

The cytoplasm is filled with red–orange granules. Eosinophils are associated with allergic reactions, parasite infection, and ______ inflammation.

chronic Signup and view all the answers

Basophils have bilobed nuclei and large purple-black granules distributed throughout the cytoplasm. The granules contain ______ and heparin.

histamine Signup and view all the answers

Monocytes leave the blood and enter the tissues, where it matures into a ______.

macrophage Signup and view all the answers

The nucleus is about the size of an erythrocyte and occupies about ______% of the cell area.

90 Signup and view all the answers

The T lymphocyte responsible for ______-mediated immunity.

cell Signup and view all the answers

What is hematopoiesis?

The process of producing various types of blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of hematopoiesis?

Erythropoiesis, leukopoiesis, and thrombopoiesis Signup and view all the answers

What are the three cellular compartments of hematopoietic precursor cells?

Stem cells, progenitor cells, and maturing cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of stem cells in total marrow nucleated cells?

0.5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of progenitor cells in total nucleated hematopoietic cells?

3% Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of maturing cells in total hematopoietic cells?

More than 95% Signup and view all the answers

Where are most hematopoietic growth factors produced?

Bone marrow stromal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of stromal cells in hematopoiesis?

An important source of cytokine production and produce various components of the extracellular matrix Signup and view all the answers

What is the extracellular matrix composed of?

Collagen, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans Signup and view all the answers

What are the major hematopoietic growth factors?

Interleukin 1, 2, and 3, stem cell factor, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hematopoietic growth factors in hematopoiesis?

Regulate the survival, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the hematopoietic microenvironment?

Crucial for the development of hematopoietic cells and includes cellular elements and extracellular components Signup and view all the answers

What is hematopoiesis?

The process of producing various types of blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of hematopoiesis involved in the process?

Erythropoiesis, leukopoiesis, and thrombopoiesis Signup and view all the answers

What are the three cellular compartments of hematopoietic precursor cells?

Stem cells, progenitor cells, and maturing cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of stem cells in total marrow nucleated cells?

0.5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of progenitor cells in total nucleated hematopoietic cells?

3% Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of maturing cells in total hematopoietic cells?

More than 95% Signup and view all the answers

Where are most hematopoietic growth factors produced?

Bone marrow stromal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the hematopoietic microenvironment composed of?

Cellular elements and extracellular components Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a stromal cell?

Lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the extracellular matrix composed of?

Collagen, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a major hematopoietic growth factor?

Interleukin 5 Signup and view all the answers

What do hematopoietic growth factors regulate?

Survival, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells Signup and view all the answers

Hematopoiesis is the process of producing only red and white blood cells

False Signup and view all the answers

Thrombopoiesis is the process of producing platelets

True Signup and view all the answers

Stem cells give rise to only red and white blood cells

False Signup and view all the answers

Progenitor cells are morphologically indistinguishable from stem cells

False Signup and view all the answers

Maturing cells constitute less than 95% of total hematopoietic cells

False Signup and view all the answers

Hematopoietic growth factors regulate only the survival of hematopoietic precursor cells

False Signup and view all the answers

Erythropoietin is produced mainly in the bone marrow stromal cells

False Signup and view all the answers

Hematopoietic microenvironment includes only cellular elements

False Signup and view all the answers

The extracellular matrix provides structural support and mediates progenitor cell binding to stroma

True Signup and view all the answers

Interleukin 1, 2, and 3 have lineage-specific actions in promoting the growth of various blood cell types

False Signup and view all the answers

GM-CSF promotes the growth of granulocytes and monocytes

True Signup and view all the answers

Thrombopoietin promotes the growth of red blood cells

False Signup and view all the answers

What is hematopoiesis?

The process of producing various types of blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What are the three cellular compartments of hematopoietic precursor cells?

Stem cells, progenitor cells, and maturing cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of stem cells in hematopoiesis?

Undifferentiated and give rise to all bone marrow cells Signup and view all the answers

What are progenitor cells in hematopoiesis?

Morphologically recognizable precursor cells that are restricted in development potential Signup and view all the answers

What are maturing cells in hematopoiesis?

Morphologically recognizable cells that have lost the capacity for proliferation Signup and view all the answers

What are hematopoietic growth factors or cytokines?

Regulate the survival, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells Signup and view all the answers

Where are most growth factors produced?

In the bone marrow stromal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the hematopoietic microenvironment?

Crucial for the development of hematopoietic cells and includes cellular elements and extracellular components Signup and view all the answers

What are stromal cells in the hematopoietic microenvironment?

Adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is the extracellular matrix in the hematopoietic microenvironment composed of?

Collagen, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans Signup and view all the answers

What are the major hematopoietic growth factors?

Interleukin 1, 2, and 3, stem cell factor, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin Signup and view all the answers

What is erythropoietin and where is it produced?

A growth factor that promotes the growth of red blood cells and is produced mainly in the kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of plasma in blood volume?

55% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main protein constituent of plasma?

Albumin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of leukocytes in blood?

Defending the body against foreign antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of platelets in blood?

Maintaining hemostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature of blood?

37-38°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of blood?

7.35-7.45 Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of whole blood?

Bright dark red Signup and view all the answers

What is the fraction of body weight that blood represents?

8% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main ion necessary for normal cell function in blood?

Sodium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of erythrocytes in blood?

Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the viscosity of whole blood relative to water?

4.5-5.5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important component in maintaining osmotic pressure in plasma?

Albumin Signup and view all the answers

Plasma makes up approximately 45% of the blood volume.

False Signup and view all the answers

Erythrocytes are responsible for defending the body against foreign antigens.

False Signup and view all the answers

Albumin is the most important component in maintaining osmotic pressure.

True Signup and view all the answers

Immunoglobulins and complements are specialized blood proteins involved in immune defense.

True Signup and view all the answers

The coagulation proteins are responsible for transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and body tissues.

False Signup and view all the answers

Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin, which is responsible for maintaining normal hemostasis.

False Signup and view all the answers

Platelets are necessary for maintaining hemostasis.

True Signup and view all the answers

The main protein constituent of plasma is immunoglobulin.

False Signup and view all the answers

The principal ions necessary for normal cell function include calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, and hydrogen.

True Signup and view all the answers

The volume of blood in a male body is approximately 5-6 L.

True Signup and view all the answers

The temperature of blood is naturally slightly acidic.

False Signup and view all the answers

The viscosity of whole blood is higher than that of plasma.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the liquid component of blood?

Plasma Signup and view all the answers

What are the three cellular elements of blood?

Leukocyte, Platelets, and Erythrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the blood volume is plasma?

55% Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal component of plasma?

Water Signup and view all the answers

What are the main ions necessary for normal cell function?

Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Magnesium, and Hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the main protein constituent of plasma?

Albumin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of albumin in blood plasma?

Maintaining osmotic pressure and carrying compounds such as bilirubin and heme Signup and view all the answers

What are the specialized blood proteins involved in immune defense?

Immunoglobulins and complements Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of erythrocytes in blood?

Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and body tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of leukocytes in blood?

Defending the body against foreign antigens such as bacteria and viruses Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of platelets in blood?

Maintaining hemostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pH range of blood?

7.35 - 7.45 (naturally slightly alkaline or basic) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Hematopoiesis is the process of producing various types of blood cells and is regulated by cytokines and takes place in specialized microenvironments.
Hematopoiesis involves erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation), leukopoiesis (white blood cell formation), and thrombopoiesis (platelet formation).
Hematopoietic precursor cells can be divided into three cellular compartments: stem cells, progenitor cells, and maturing cells.
Stem cells are undifferentiated and give rise to all bone marrow cells. They constitute only 0.5% of the total marrow nucleated cells and are pluripotential with self-renewal capabilities.
Progenitor cells are morphologically recognizable precursor cells that are restricted in development potential and constitute 3% of the total nucleated hematopoietic cells.
Maturing cells constitute more than 95% of total hematopoietic cells and are morphologically recognizable, but the capacity for proliferation is lost before full maturation.
Hematopoietic growth factors or cytokines regulate the survival, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells.
Most growth factors are produced in the bone marrow stromal cells, with erythropoietin being produced mainly in the kidney.
Hematopoietic microenvironment is crucial for the development of hematopoietic cells and includes cellular elements and extracellular components.
Stromal cells, including adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, are an important source of cytokine production and produce various components of the extracellular matrix.
The extracellular matrix is composed of collagen, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans, which provide structural support and mediate progenitor cell binding to stroma.
Major hematopoietic growth factors include interleukin 1, 2, and 3, stem cell factor, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin, which have lineage-specific actions in promoting the growth of various blood cell types.

Overview of Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Hematopoiesis is the process of producing various types of blood cells and is regulated by cytokines and takes place in specialized microenvironments.
Hematopoiesis involves erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation), leukopoiesis (white blood cell formation), and thrombopoiesis (platelet formation).
Hematopoietic precursor cells can be divided into three cellular compartments: stem cells, progenitor cells, and maturing cells.
Stem cells are undifferentiated and give rise to all bone marrow cells. They constitute only 0.5% of the total marrow nucleated cells and are pluripotential with self-renewal capabilities.
Progenitor cells are morphologically recognizable precursor cells that are restricted in development potential and constitute 3% of the total nucleated hematopoietic cells.
Maturing cells constitute more than 95% of total hematopoietic cells and are morphologically recognizable, but the capacity for proliferation is lost before full maturation.
Hematopoietic growth factors or cytokines regulate the survival, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells.
Most growth factors are produced in the bone marrow stromal cells, with erythropoietin being produced mainly in the kidney.
Hematopoietic microenvironment is crucial for the development of hematopoietic cells and includes cellular elements and extracellular components.
Stromal cells, including adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, are an important source of cytokine production and produce various components of the extracellular matrix.
The extracellular matrix is composed of collagen, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans, which provide structural support and mediate progenitor cell binding to stroma.
Major hematopoietic growth factors include interleukin 1, 2, and 3, stem cell factor, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin, which have lineage-specific actions in promoting the growth of various blood cell types.

Overview of Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Hematopoiesis is the process of producing various types of blood cells and is regulated by cytokines and takes place in specialized microenvironments.
Hematopoiesis involves erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation), leukopoiesis (white blood cell formation), and thrombopoiesis (platelet formation).
Hematopoietic precursor cells can be divided into three cellular compartments: stem cells, progenitor cells, and maturing cells.
Stem cells are undifferentiated and give rise to all bone marrow cells. They constitute only 0.5% of the total marrow nucleated cells and are pluripotential with self-renewal capabilities.
Progenitor cells are morphologically recognizable precursor cells that are restricted in development potential and constitute 3% of the total nucleated hematopoietic cells.
Maturing cells constitute more than 95% of total hematopoietic cells and are morphologically recognizable, but the capacity for proliferation is lost before full maturation.
Hematopoietic growth factors or cytokines regulate the survival, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells.
Most growth factors are produced in the bone marrow stromal cells, with erythropoietin being produced mainly in the kidney.
Hematopoietic microenvironment is crucial for the development of hematopoietic cells and includes cellular elements and extracellular components.
Stromal cells, including adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, are an important source of cytokine production and produce various components of the extracellular matrix.
The extracellular matrix is composed of collagen, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans, which provide structural support and mediate progenitor cell binding to stroma.
Major hematopoietic growth factors include interleukin 1, 2, and 3, stem cell factor, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin, which have lineage-specific actions in promoting the growth of various blood cell types.

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Test your knowledge on leukocytes and their role in the body's defense mechanism. From stem cell development to migration and function, this quiz will cover the essential concepts and keywords related to leukocytes. Get ready to learn and challenge yourself with this informative quiz!