Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the normal range of leukocytes in healthy adults per microliter of blood?
What is the normal range of leukocytes in healthy adults per microliter of blood?
Which of the following is NOT a type of granulocyte?
Which of the following is NOT a type of granulocyte?
Which statement about the life span of granulocytes is accurate?
Which statement about the life span of granulocytes is accurate?
What characterizes the nuclei of granulocytes?
What characterizes the nuclei of granulocytes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of leukocyte primarily relies on glycolysis for energy?
Which type of leukocyte primarily relies on glycolysis for energy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of leukocyte does NOT contain specific granules?
Which type of leukocyte does NOT contain specific granules?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of macrophages in relation to apoptotic granulocytes?
What is the role of macrophages in relation to apoptotic granulocytes?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of granules do agranulocytes possess?
What type of granules do agranulocytes possess?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of neutrophils in the immune response?
What is the primary function of neutrophils in the immune response?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes the lifespan of neutrophils in connective tissues?
Which of the following describes the lifespan of neutrophils in connective tissues?
Signup and view all the answers
What unique morphological feature may be observed in female neutrophils?
What unique morphological feature may be observed in female neutrophils?
Signup and view all the answers
What process refers to the movement of leukocytes out of the blood vessels into surrounding tissue?
What process refers to the movement of leukocytes out of the blood vessels into surrounding tissue?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of granules do neutrophils have that are involved in their functional activities?
What type of granules do neutrophils have that are involved in their functional activities?
Signup and view all the answers
Which leukocyte is less numerous and mainly associated with allergic responses and parasitic infections?
Which leukocyte is less numerous and mainly associated with allergic responses and parasitic infections?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic feature of eosinophils when viewed in blood smears?
What is a characteristic feature of eosinophils when viewed in blood smears?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do chemical mediators play in the function of neutrophils during an infection?
What role do chemical mediators play in the function of neutrophils during an infection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical diameter range of circulating monocytes?
What is the typical diameter range of circulating monocytes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cell is a precursor to macrophages?
Which cell is a precursor to macrophages?
Signup and view all the answers
What characteristic distinguishes monocytes from lymphocytes in terms of nucleus shape?
What characteristic distinguishes monocytes from lymphocytes in terms of nucleus shape?
Signup and view all the answers
How long is the life span of circulating platelets?
How long is the life span of circulating platelets?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of cells do monocytes differentiate into once in connective tissue?
What type of cells do monocytes differentiate into once in connective tissue?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of platelets in the circulatory system?
What is the primary function of platelets in the circulatory system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following cells are known to be antigen-presenting cells?
Which of the following cells are known to be antigen-presenting cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the range for normal platelet counts in blood?
What is the range for normal platelet counts in blood?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do eosinophils primarily play in the body?
What role do eosinophils primarily play in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which leukocyte type is characterized by specific granules containing heparin?
Which leukocyte type is characterized by specific granules containing heparin?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a type of lymphocyte?
Which of the following is NOT a type of lymphocyte?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of natural killer (NK) cells?
What is the primary function of natural killer (NK) cells?
Signup and view all the answers
How are lymphocytes primarily differentiated from one another?
How are lymphocytes primarily differentiated from one another?
Signup and view all the answers
What features are uncommon for basophils compared to other leukocytes?
What features are uncommon for basophils compared to other leukocytes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a distinguishing feature of small lymphocytes?
What is a distinguishing feature of small lymphocytes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which leukocyte type is primarily involved in the inflammatory response to allergies?
Which leukocyte type is primarily involved in the inflammatory response to allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
- Leukocyte count varies by age, sex, and physiological condition
- Healthy adults have 4500-11,000 leukocytes per microliter of blood
- Leukocytes leave the bloodstream and migrate to tissues to carry out immune functions
- Classified into granulocytes and agranulocytes based on cytoplasmic granules and nuclear morphology
Granulocytes
- Spherical in blood plasma, amoeboid and motile in tissues
- Estimated sizes observed in blood smears when spread, appearing slightly larger than in circulation
- Include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
- Functionally differentiated cells with short lifespans (a few days)
- Dependent on glycolysis for energy needs
- Die by apoptosis in the connective tissue
- Debris removed by macrophages without eliciting inflammation
- Contain lysosomes (azurophilic granules)
- Possess specific granules that bind to various stains (neutral, basic, or acidic)
Neutrophils (Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes)
- 54-62% of circulating leukocytes
- 12-15 µm in diameter
- Nucleus with 2-5 lobes linked by thin extensions (drumstick-like appendage in females may appear on one lobe).
- Inactive, spherical in circulation; become actively amoeboid during diapedesis (migration)
- Phagocytic cells that target bacteria and small particles; arrive at infection sites using chemotaxis
- Contain primary (azurophilic) and secondary (specific) granules.
- Short-lived (1-4 days in tissues); lifespan in blood: 6-8 hours
- Function in chemotaxis and phagocytosis.
- Chemical mediators involved in neutrophil attraction to bacteria.
Eosinophils
- 1-3% of circulating leukocytes
- Similar size to neutrophils; bilobed nucleus
- Characterized by large, acidophilic (red/pink staining) specific granules
- Primarily target parasitic worms (helminths) and modulate inflammatory responses.
- Abundant in connective tissue of the intestinal lining, lung tissues in asthma patients.
- Also remove antigen-antibody complexes from interstitial fluids through phagocytosis.
Basophils
- <1% of circulating leukocytes
- 12-15 µm in diameter
- Nucleus usually obscured by large, purple-staining specific granules.
- Granules are smaller and more irregularly shaped
- Contain heparin and other sulfated GAGs, as well as histamine and other inflammatory mediators
Agranulocytes
- Do not contain specific granules, but contain azurophilic granules
- Nucleus is spherical, or indented, but not lobulated
- Include lymphocytes and monocytes
Lymphocytes
- Most abundant agranulocyte; spherical nuclei
- Present in blood smears, up to ⅓ of leukocytes
- Smallest leukocytes; large lymphocytes result from activation
- Include T lymphocytes (helper and cytotoxic), B lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells
- Diversity of roles in immune defense against invading microorganisms and certain abnormal cells
Monocytes
- Precursor cells for macrophages, osteoclasts, and microglia
- 12-15 µm in diameter (macrophages larger)
- Indented or C-shaped nucleus, less condensed than in lymphocytes
- Basophilic cytoplasm; contains lysosomes or azurophilic granules
- Phagocytic cells, part of the mononuclear phagocyte system
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on leukocytes, their classifications into granulocytes and agranulocytes, and their roles in the immune system. Understand the specific types of leukocytes, such as neutrophils, and their functions within the body. This quiz will help reinforce key concepts about blood cell counts and physiological roles.
