24 Questions
What is the normal range of leukocytes in the blood?
5,000 to 10,000 WBCs/μL
What is the function of specific granules in granulocytes?
Defense against pathogens
What is the term for the unique antigens found on the surface of leukocytes?
Human leucocyte associated antigen (HLA)
What is the duration of leucopoiesis in humans?
10-14 days
What is the name of the condition characterized by decreased formation of all mature cell lines?
Aplastic anemia
What is the type of stem cell that gives rise to both myeloid and lymphoid series of cells?
Pluripotent stem cell
What is the approximate percentage of T cells in the immune system?
70-80%
What is the primary function of immunoglobulins produced by B lymphocytes?
To recognize and bind to specific antigens
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the immune system?
Mobility
What is the term for the process by which antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial exotoxins?
Neutralization
What is the primary difference between passive and active immunity?
Source of antibodies
Which of the following is an example of innate immunity?
Secretion of acid in the stomach
What is the primary function of M-CSF in relation to macrophages?
Increase the expression of MHC II antigen on macrophages
Which type of white blood cell is the most frequently occurring in the body?
Neutrophils
What is the primary function of granulocytes that leave the bloodstream in 8 hours?
Phagocytose and lyse bacteria and parasites
What is the main function of major basic protein in eosinophils?
Damage helminthic parasites at the larval stage
Which type of lymphocyte gets larger with a visible nucleolus when metabolically active?
Any type of lymphocyte
What is the primary function of GM-CSF in relation to granulocytes and macrophages?
Stimulate the proliferation and maturation of granulocyte precursors and macrophages
What is the primary mechanism by which antibodies prevent the binding of viruses or exotoxins to tissue cells?
Antibodies bind to the virus or exotoxin, preventing them from interacting with tissue cells.
What is the primary function of IgM in antibody-mediated immunity?
Agglutinating foreign cells, making them easier to remove
What is the outcome of antigen-antibody complex formation in the context of precipitation?
Cross-linking of antigens, leading to their removal through phagocytosis
What is the primary role of complement fixation in antibody-mediated immunity?
Lysing foreign cells through the formation of the membrane attack complex
What is the outcome of the positive feedback cycle initiated by complement activation?
Recruitment of more immune cells, amplifying the inflammatory response
What is the primary mechanism by which antigen-antibody complexes are removed from the body?
Phagocytosis by immune cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages
Test your knowledge of leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, and their role in immune regulation. This quiz covers the characteristics of leukocytes, types of immunity, and the primary and secondary immune response. It's a great way to assess your understanding of how our bodies protect against infectious microorganisms and other pathogens.
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