Y1S1 005 III Physiology Leukocytes and Immune Regulation

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the normal range of leukocytes in the blood?

1,000 to 5,000 WBCs/μL

10,000 to 20,000 WBCs/μL

5,000 to 10,000 WBCs/μL (correct)

20,000 to 50,000 WBCs/μL

What is the function of specific granules in granulocytes?

Defense against pathogens (correct)

Cell signaling

Waste removal

Protein synthesis

What is the term for the unique antigens found on the surface of leukocytes?

Leukocyte surface protein

WBC-antigen

HLA-A

Human leucocyte associated antigen (HLA) (correct)

What is the duration of leucopoiesis in humans?

10-14 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition characterized by decreased formation of all mature cell lines?

Aplastic anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of stem cell that gives rise to both myeloid and lymphoid series of cells?

Pluripotent stem cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of T cells in the immune system?

70-80% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of immunoglobulins produced by B lymphocytes?

To recognize and bind to specific antigens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the immune system?

Mobility Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial exotoxins?

Neutralization Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between passive and active immunity?

Source of antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of innate immunity?

Secretion of acid in the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of M-CSF in relation to macrophages?

Increase the expression of MHC II antigen on macrophages Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white blood cell is the most frequently occurring in the body?

Neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of granulocytes that leave the bloodstream in 8 hours?

Phagocytose and lyse bacteria and parasites Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of major basic protein in eosinophils?

Damage helminthic parasites at the larval stage Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lymphocyte gets larger with a visible nucleolus when metabolically active?

Any type of lymphocyte Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of GM-CSF in relation to granulocytes and macrophages?

Stimulate the proliferation and maturation of granulocyte precursors and macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which antibodies prevent the binding of viruses or exotoxins to tissue cells?

Antibodies bind to the virus or exotoxin, preventing them from interacting with tissue cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of IgM in antibody-mediated immunity?

Agglutinating foreign cells, making them easier to remove Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of antigen-antibody complex formation in the context of precipitation?

Cross-linking of antigens, leading to their removal through phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of complement fixation in antibody-mediated immunity?

Lysing foreign cells through the formation of the membrane attack complex Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the positive feedback cycle initiated by complement activation?

Recruitment of more immune cells, amplifying the inflammatory response Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which antigen-antibody complexes are removed from the body?

Phagocytosis by immune cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages Signup and view all the answers