Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are letter forms?
What are letter forms?
basic alphabetic and numeric characters
What are examples of type families?
What are examples of type families?
Serifs help the eye to advance from one character to the next.
Serifs help the eye to advance from one character to the next.
True
Lining numerals have equal height and fixed widths, while old style numerals have __________.
Lining numerals have equal height and fixed widths, while old style numerals have __________.
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Match the following diacritical marks with their meanings:
Match the following diacritical marks with their meanings:
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Study Notes
Letter Forms
- Basic alphabetic and numeric characters used in design
- Can be styled in many different ways
- Include special characters, accents, numerals, and details like weights and serif type
Type Families
- A type family is a collection of variations of a typeface or font
- Includes different weights, widths, and italics
- Examples: Univers, Times Roman, and Garamond
Type Cuts
- Roman: basic cut of a typeface
- Italic: a true italic is a drawn typeface based around an angled axis
- Light: a lighter or thinner version of the roman cut
- Boldface: a bolder version of the roman cut
Condensed and Extended
- Condensed types: narrower than the roman cut, useful for tight spaces
- Extended types: wider versions of the roman type, often used for headlines to fill a space
Type Weight Variations
- Many variations of typefaces exist, with diverse naming conventions
- Adrian Frutiger developed a numbering system to identify width and weight
Serifs
- A key characteristic to identify a typeface
- Help the eye move horizontally across the page
- Varieties include:
- Unbracketed slab serif
- Bracketed slab serif
- Hairline serif
- Wedge serif
- Slur serif
Fractions
- Represented in two ways depending on the bar separating the numerator and denominator
- Diagonal or em fractions have a diagonal bar
- Horizontal or nut fractions have a horizontal bar
Superscript and Subscript
- Characters set at a reduced point size that are either top or bottom aligned
- Used in footnotes, chemical and mathematical formulae
Numerals
- Classified as old style (or lower case) and lining (or upper case)
- Old style numerals have descenders and do not align to the baseline
Diacritical Marks
- Accents and other symbols indicating a modified sound of a letter
- Examples:
- Acute: sharp
- Grave: heavy
- Circumflex: bent around
- Breve: short
- Tilde: title
Punctuation
- Used to set text accurately and maintain the meaning
- Includes:
- Ellipsis: a series of three dots indicating a text omission
- Primes: typographic marks indicating feet and inches, hours and minutes
- Quotation marks: used in justified text, sometimes allowed to extend into the right-hand margin
Parentheses, Brackets, and Braces
- Round brackets: used to enclose a word or explanation inserted into a text passage
- Square brackets: used to enclose words added by someone other than the original speaker or writer
- Braces: used to enclose words or text lines to be considered together
Apostrophe
- Used to indicate the removal of a letter or letters
Drop and Standing Capitals
- Create a strong visual entrance to a text block
- Drop capitals lead into the text, while standing capitals sit on the baseline
- Can be used to add dynamism to a text block
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Description
Learn about the basics of letter forms, including alphabetic and numeric characters, styling, and type families. Discover the variations of typefaces and fonts, including weights, widths, and italics.