Questions and Answers
Which type of anemia is characterized by symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and paler skin?
Iron-deficiency Anemia
Which cancerous blood disorder affects the lymphatic system and immune cells?
Lymphoma
What is the main reason why blood cancers disrupt the production and operation of blood cells?
Cancerous cells in the blood
Which type of anemia is characterized by macrocytic red blood cells?
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What is the primary location where the majority of blood cancers begin?
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Which anemia type is characterized by a genetic abnormality affecting hemoglobin production?
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What is the main function of red blood cells?
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Which component of blood is colorless due to the absence of hemoglobin?
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What gives red blood cells their red pigment?
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Which type of white blood cells is classified based on the presence and absence of granules in their cytoplasm?
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How much of an average adult's body weight does blood make up?
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Which component of blood is responsible for contributing to immunity and defense mechanisms?
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What type of immunity is responsible for the production of antibodies by B-lymphocytes?
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Which component of blood helps in blood clotting and coagulation?
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What are the specialized blood cells produced in the bone marrow?
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Which blood vessel type carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?
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Which part of the blood contains salts, nutrients, water, enzymes, and proteins?
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What drives cell-mediated immunity primarily?
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What is the main function of capillaries in the body?
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Which type of blood circulation carries blood from the heart to all parts of the body?
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During which phase of a heartbeat does the heart muscle contract?
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What happens during systole in terms of blood pressure?
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Which part of the body does Pulmonary Circulation primarily involve?
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How does the heart receive messages about when to pump more or less blood?
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What is the main function of white blood cells in the body?
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Which part of the body does blood primarily travel to from the right ventricle?
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Which of the following is a type of blood cancer?
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What is the composition of blood mainly responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body?
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Which of the following blood disorders is characterized by a deficiency in clotting factors?
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Study Notes
Types of Anemia
- Acquired anemias: iron-deficiency anemia, macrocytic anemia, normocytic anemia
- Inherited anemias: sickle cell anemia, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, thalassemia
- Other types of anemia: hemolytic anemia, sideroblastic anemia, microcytic anemia
Symptoms of Anemia
- Fatigue and weakness
- Dizziness
- Paler skin
- Heart palpitation
- Shortness of breath
Cancerous Blood Disorders
- Leukemia: rapid production of irregular white blood cells in the bone marrow and blood
- Lymphoma: cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which generates immune cells and drains excess fluid from the body
- Myeloma: plasma cell cancer
Blood Composition
- Blood is a fluid connective tissue consisting of blood cells, plasma, and platelets
- Delivers oxygen and nutrients to various cells and tissues by circulating throughout the body
- Makes up 8% of an individual’s body weight, with an average adult having around 5 to 6 liters of blood
Components of Blood
- Red blood cells (RBCs): disc-shaped, responsible for transporting oxygen to tissues and organs
- White blood cells (WBCs): colorless, contribute to immunity and defense mechanism, help fight infections and diseases
- Platelets: specialized blood cells that help in blood clotting and coagulation
- Plasma: liquid base of blood, makes up 55% of blood, consists of salts, nutrients, water, and enzymes
Types of White Blood Cells
- Granulocytes: have granules in their cytoplasm, play a role in body defense and help fight viruses
- Five types of WBCs, classified based on the presence and absence of granules in their cytoplasm
Blood Vessels
- Arteries: carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
- Veins: carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
- Capillaries: allow for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues
Blood Circulation
- Pulmonary circulation: short loop from the heart to the lungs and back again
- Systemic circulation: carries blood from the heart to all the other parts of the body and back again
- The heart beats through a continuous loop, with two distinct pathways: pulmonary and systemic circulation
Heart Function
- The heart gets messages from the body to pump more or less blood depending on a person's needs
- One complete heartbeat consists of two phases: systole (heart muscle contraction) and diastole (heart muscle relaxation)
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