Leptospirosis: Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
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Questions and Answers

What is the most accurate laboratory diagnosis for trachoma?

  • Oral antibiotics
  • Topical antibiotics
  • Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) (correct)
  • Clinical diagnosis

    • What is the main mode of transmission for trachoma?

  • Inhalation of dust contaminated with respiratory secretions
  • Contact with contaminated towels
  • Contact with contaminated flies (correct)
  • Person-to-person via respiratory droplets

    • Which serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis are responsible for inclusion conjunctivitis?

  • Serotypes A, B, Ba, and C
  • Serotypes A and B
  • Serotypes D-K (correct)
  • Serotype D

    • What is the recommended systemic treatment for neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis?

    <p>Erythromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Chlamydia species is a zoonotic disease transmitted by inhalation of dust contaminated with respiratory secretions or feces of infected birds?

    <p>Chlamydia psittaci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is most commonly used for Q fever?

    <p>Detection of immunoglobulins to phase II antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for chronic Q fever?

    <p>Combination of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelial cells can Chlamydia trachomatis infect?

    <p>Nonciliated columnar, cuboidal, and transitional epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary lesion in lymphogranuloma venereum?

    <p>Ulcerating papule at the site of inoculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is typically prescribed for C. trachomatis infections?

    <p>Azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of illness does Weil disease represent in Leptospira infection?

    <p>Second phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common reservoir for Rickettsia rickettsii?

    <p>Ticks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic method is recommended for suspected Rickettsia rickettsii infection regardless of age or pregnancy?

    <p>Western blot immunoassay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural variant of Coxiella burnetii is resistant to environmental stress and lives in soil and milk?

    <p>Small cell variant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common presentation of chronic C. burnetii infection?

    <p>Subacute endocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis?

    <p>Consumption of contaminated food, milk, water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature does Campylobacter jejuni grow best?

    <p>42°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells can Chlamydia trachomatis infect?

    <p>Epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic histologic damage produced by Campylobacter jejuni?

    <p>Ulcerated, edematous, and bloody mucosal surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reservoir for Campylobacter jejuni infections?

    <p>Animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common clinical presentation of Helicobacter pylori infection?

    <p>Feeling full, nausea, vomiting, and decreased acid production in the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Treponema pallidum?

    <p>Sexual contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the difficulty in microscopy diagnosis of Campylobacter jejuni?

    <p>Highly motile corkscrew motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection?

    <p>Combination of PPI, a macrolide, and a β-lactam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical disease is characterized by the appearance of a painless chancre at the site of infection?

    <p>Primary syphilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Leptospira?

    <p>Obligate aerobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Rickettsia rickettsii?

    <p>Transovarian transmission in ticks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Q fever caused by Coxiella burnetii is true?

    <p>The bacteria reach high concentrations in the placenta of infected livestock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark clinical manifestation of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) caused by Rickettsia rickettsii?

    <p>Macular rash after approximately 3 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common method for diagnosing Leptospira infection?

    <p>Microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of trachoma worldwide?

    <p>Serotypes A, B, Ba, and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is most accurate for the laboratory diagnosis of trachoma?

    <p>Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended systemic treatment for neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis?

    <p>Erythromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Chlamydia serotypes can infect the urogenital tract as well as the conjunctiva?

    <p>Serotypes D-K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for trachoma?

    <p>Contact transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test can be used to examine exudate from the primary chancre of syphilis patients?

    <p>Dark-field microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protein critical for the transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi from ticks to mammals?

    <p>Outer surface protein A (OspA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is NOT recommended for the diagnosis of B. burgdorferi infection?

    <p>Microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic hook is seen at one or both ends of Leptospira spp.?

    <p>Spirochete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is contraindicated for pregnant people and children in the treatment of B. recurrentis infection?

    <p>Doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

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