Leptospirosis: Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
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Questions and Answers

What is the most accurate laboratory diagnosis for trachoma?

  • Oral antibiotics
  • Topical antibiotics
  • Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) (correct)
  • Clinical diagnosis

What is the main mode of transmission for trachoma?

  • Inhalation of dust contaminated with respiratory secretions
  • Contact with contaminated towels
  • Contact with contaminated flies (correct)
  • Person-to-person via respiratory droplets

Which serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis are responsible for inclusion conjunctivitis?

  • Serotypes A, B, Ba, and C
  • Serotypes A and B
  • Serotypes D-K (correct)
  • Serotype D

What is the recommended systemic treatment for neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis?

<p>Erythromycin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Chlamydia species is a zoonotic disease transmitted by inhalation of dust contaminated with respiratory secretions or feces of infected birds?

<p>Chlamydia psittaci (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is most commonly used for Q fever?

<p>Detection of immunoglobulins to phase II antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for chronic Q fever?

<p>Combination of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelial cells can Chlamydia trachomatis infect?

<p>Nonciliated columnar, cuboidal, and transitional epithelial cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary lesion in lymphogranuloma venereum?

<p>Ulcerating papule at the site of inoculation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is typically prescribed for C. trachomatis infections?

<p>Azithromycin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of illness does Weil disease represent in Leptospira infection?

<p>Second phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common reservoir for Rickettsia rickettsii?

<p>Ticks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method is recommended for suspected Rickettsia rickettsii infection regardless of age or pregnancy?

<p>Western blot immunoassay (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural variant of Coxiella burnetii is resistant to environmental stress and lives in soil and milk?

<p>Small cell variant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common presentation of chronic C. burnetii infection?

<p>Subacute endocarditis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis?

<p>Consumption of contaminated food, milk, water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature does Campylobacter jejuni grow best?

<p>42°C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells can Chlamydia trachomatis infect?

<p>Epithelial cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic histologic damage produced by Campylobacter jejuni?

<p>Ulcerated, edematous, and bloody mucosal surfaces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reservoir for Campylobacter jejuni infections?

<p>Animals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common clinical presentation of Helicobacter pylori infection?

<p>Feeling full, nausea, vomiting, and decreased acid production in the stomach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for Treponema pallidum?

<p>Sexual contact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the difficulty in microscopy diagnosis of Campylobacter jejuni?

<p>Highly motile corkscrew motility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection?

<p>Combination of PPI, a macrolide, and a β-lactam (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical disease is characterized by the appearance of a painless chancre at the site of infection?

<p>Primary syphilis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Leptospira?

<p>Obligate aerobes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for Rickettsia rickettsii?

<p>Transovarian transmission in ticks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Q fever caused by Coxiella burnetii is true?

<p>The bacteria reach high concentrations in the placenta of infected livestock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark clinical manifestation of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) caused by Rickettsia rickettsii?

<p>Macular rash after approximately 3 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common method for diagnosing Leptospira infection?

<p>Microscopy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of trachoma worldwide?

<p>Serotypes A, B, Ba, and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is most accurate for the laboratory diagnosis of trachoma?

<p>Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended systemic treatment for neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis?

<p>Erythromycin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Chlamydia serotypes can infect the urogenital tract as well as the conjunctiva?

<p>Serotypes D-K (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for trachoma?

<p>Contact transmission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test can be used to examine exudate from the primary chancre of syphilis patients?

<p>Dark-field microscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the protein critical for the transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi from ticks to mammals?

<p>Outer surface protein A (OspA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is NOT recommended for the diagnosis of B. burgdorferi infection?

<p>Microscopy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic hook is seen at one or both ends of Leptospira spp.?

<p>Spirochete (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is contraindicated for pregnant people and children in the treatment of B. recurrentis infection?

<p>Doxycycline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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