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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the release of an accused person from custody based on a promise to appear in court?
What is the term for the release of an accused person from custody based on a promise to appear in court?
Which process involves an initial assessment of the legality of a defendant's arrest?
Which process involves an initial assessment of the legality of a defendant's arrest?
What is a legal document guaranteeing a defendant's appearance in court and involves a monetary pledge?
What is a legal document guaranteeing a defendant's appearance in court and involves a monetary pledge?
Which type of law aims to prevent the pretrial release of a defendant considered a danger to the community?
Which type of law aims to prevent the pretrial release of a defendant considered a danger to the community?
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Which practice involves the judicial authority imposing a criminal sanction?
Which practice involves the judicial authority imposing a criminal sanction?
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What is the purpose of specialized courts aimed at reducing recidivism?
What is the purpose of specialized courts aimed at reducing recidivism?
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What monitoring strategy uses electronic technology to track offenders under house arrest?
What monitoring strategy uses electronic technology to track offenders under house arrest?
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What is the goal of criminal sentencing that seeks to restore the victim and the community?
What is the goal of criminal sentencing that seeks to restore the victim and the community?
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What term describes the total number of probation or parole clients assigned to one officer for supervision?
What term describes the total number of probation or parole clients assigned to one officer for supervision?
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What is the definition of a facility with custodial authority over adults sentenced to confinement?
What is the definition of a facility with custodial authority over adults sentenced to confinement?
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Which legislation effectively ended the industrial prison era by restricting interstate commerce in prison-made goods?
Which legislation effectively ended the industrial prison era by restricting interstate commerce in prison-made goods?
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What term refers to a prison program that allows inmates to be temporarily released to fulfill job responsibilities?
What term refers to a prison program that allows inmates to be temporarily released to fulfill job responsibilities?
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What belief, popularized in the 1970s, stated that correctional treatment programs have had limited success in rehabilitating offenders?
What belief, popularized in the 1970s, stated that correctional treatment programs have had limited success in rehabilitating offenders?
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What describes an enclosed facility separated from society, where inhabitants share daily life?
What describes an enclosed facility separated from society, where inhabitants share daily life?
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What term characterizes the values and behaviors common among prison inmates?
What term characterizes the values and behaviors common among prison inmates?
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What is a group within a prison that poses a threat to safety and order, often referred to as?
What is a group within a prison that poses a threat to safety and order, often referred to as?
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What policy was historically followed by U.S. courts regarding prison management until the 1960s?
What policy was historically followed by U.S. courts regarding prison management until the 1960s?
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What type of document alleges that a juvenile is delinquent and requests the courts' jurisdiction?
What type of document alleges that a juvenile is delinquent and requests the courts' jurisdiction?
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What is the term for youth who have entered both the child welfare and juvenile justice systems?
What is the term for youth who have entered both the child welfare and juvenile justice systems?
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What does the term juvenile status offense refer to?
What does the term juvenile status offense refer to?
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What principle allows the state to take custody of a juvenile when they are in need of care?
What principle allows the state to take custody of a juvenile when they are in need of care?
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What do we call a system that assigns inmates to custody levels based on assessed factors?
What do we call a system that assigns inmates to custody levels based on assessed factors?
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Study Notes
Legal Terms
- Bail: The release of an accused person from custody, conditionally, before or during prosecution, on their promise to appear in court.
- Initial Appearance: A court appearance where the legality of an arrest is assessed, and the accused is informed of charges.
- Bail Bond: A document guaranteeing a defendant's court appearance, pledging money or property as collateral.
- Property Bail: Setting bail using land, houses, stocks, or other tangible assets.
- Dangerousness Standard: A legal standard intended to prevent the pretrial release of defendants deemed a danger to the community.
Sentencing and Corrections
- Sanction: The imposition of a criminal penalty by a judicial authority.
- Incapacitation: Using imprisonment or other means to reduce future criminal acts.
- Retribution: Taking revenge on a criminal offender.
- Recidivism: Relapsing into criminal behaviour after sanctions or intervention.
- Restorative Justice: A sentencing goal aimed at repairing harm to victims and the community.
- Problem-Solving Courts: Specialized courts addressing recidivism, safety, and reintegration of offenders.
- Electronic Monitoring: Using technology to track offenders with house arrest or movement restrictions.
- House Arrest: Individuals confined to their homes, sometimes electronically monitored.
- Shock Probation: Sentencing an offender to prison, then granting release on probation, often unexpectedly.
- Caseload: The number of probation or parole clients supervised by a single officer.
- Correctional Facility: A state or federal institution holding inmates.
- Industrial Prison System: A correctional model using inmate labor.
- Ashurst-Sumners Act: Federal legislation restricting interstate commerce in prison-made goods from the 1930s.
- Work Release: A prison program permitting temporary release to fulfill job responsibilities.
- Martinson Report: A report arguing that correctional treatment programs have minimal success in rehabilitating offenders.
- Total Institution: A facility isolating inmates from society, controlling all aspects of their lives.
- Inmate Culture: The values and behaviors typical of prison inmates.
- Security Threat Group: A prison gang or group threatening staff, inmates, or prison order.
- Hands-Off Doctrine: A policy of minimal court involvement in prison management.
- Grievance Procedure: A formalized system giving inmates a chance to file complaints.
- Juvenile Court Petition: A document in juvenile court alleging delinquency, status offense, or dependency, requesting court intervention.
- Blackness: A complex social and historical concept encapsulating the African American experience in America.
- System-Involved Youth: Young people who have interacted with both child welfare and juvenile justice systems.
- Status Offense: A violation of the law applicable only to juveniles.
- Delinquent Act: A juvenile's criminal act.
- Child Abuse: Physical, sexual, or mental abuse of a child.
- Beyond Parental Control: Juvenile disobedience of authorities (schools, etc.).
- Juvenile Delinquency (Broadly): Juvenile actions that break criminal law or other juvenile rules.
- Juvenile Justice System: The government agencies handling youth offending and care.
- Adjudicated Youth: Youth charged with or found guilty of crimes.
- Parens Patriae: A principle allowing state intervention when a natural parent cannot or will not care for a child/juvenile.
- Just Deserts Model: A contemporary imprisonment model emphasizing just punishment.
- Design Capacity: The intended inmate count of a prison.
- Operational Capacity: The safe and effective inmate holding limit of a prison.
- Management Capacity: The inmates a prison can hold based on management and personnel considerations.
- Expert Capacity: The maximum inmate number according to expert judgment.
- Selective Incapacitation: Targeting and incarcerating the most dangerous criminals.
- Custody Classification System: Method of assigning inmates to custody levels based on factors like assessed risk.
- Regional Jail: A jail funded and operated by multiple jurisdictions.
- Private Correctional Facility: A prison operated by a private company.
- Privatization of Prisons: The trend towards wider use of private prisons.
- Plea Bargaining: Negotiating a plea and sentence in a criminal case.
- Plea: A defendant's formal response of guilty, not guilty, or no contest to a criminal charge.
- Rules of Evidence: Court rules dictating acceptable evidence in criminal hearings/trials.
- Sentencing: Imposition of criminal penalties by a judicial authority.
Juvenile Justice
- Youth: A term used to identify juveniles.
- Juvenile Acts: Juvenile conduct that breaks the law.
- Status Offense: Juvenile offenses tied to their status.
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Description
Test your knowledge on crucial legal terms related to bail and corrections. This quiz covers definitions and concepts such as bail bonds, sanctions, and restorative justice. Perfect for students in criminal law or those interested in the legal system.
