Legal Terminology Chapter 6 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is litigation?

  • An informal settlement process.
  • The process of filing claims in court. (correct)
  • A legal authority to hear a case.
  • The highest court in the country.
  • What does alternative dispute resolution refer to?

    Any other formal or informal process used to settle disputes without resorting to a trial.

    What do trial courts determine?

    The facts of a particular dispute and apply the law given by earlier appellate court decisions.

    What does jurisdiction refer to?

    <p>A court's power to hear a case.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is subject matter jurisdiction?

    <p>The authority of a court to hear a particular type of case.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are trial courts of limited jurisdiction?

    <p>Courts that may hear only certain types of cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes trial courts of general jurisdiction?

    <p>They can hear a very broad range of cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important court in the trial courts of general jurisdiction?

    <p>The general civil division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is personal jurisdiction?

    <p>The legal authority to require the defendant to stand trial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the grounds for personal jurisdiction?

    <p>The defendant being a resident of the state, a formal defense step taken, or a long-arm statute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many judges typically hear cases in appellate courts?

    <p>Three or more judges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do appellate courts generally accept?

    <p>The facts given to them by trial courts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the appellant?

    <p>The party filing the appeal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appellee?

    <p>The party opposing the appeal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows both sides in appellate courts to submit written arguments on a case?

    <p>Briefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'affirmed' mean in legal terms?

    <p>Permitted to stand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'eversed' refer to?

    <p>Nullified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What establishes the limitations on the types of cases federal courts can hear?

    <p>The U.S. Constitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two kinds of civil lawsuits permitted in federal court?

    <p>Federal question cases and diversity cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a federal question case?

    <p>A claim based on the U.S. Constitution, a federal statute, or a federal treaty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do federal courts have diversity jurisdiction?

    <p>When the plaintiff and defendant are citizens of different states and the amount in dispute exceeds $75,000.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary trial court in the federal system?

    <p>United States District Court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many districts is the nation divided into?

    <ol start="94"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Who nominates all federal court judges?

    <p>The President of the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who confirms the president's judge nominees?

    <p>The Senate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many circuits of intermediate courts of appeals are there?

    <ol start="11"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do most suits about federal statutes begin?

    <p>In the district court for the District of Columbia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest court in the country?

    <p>United States Supreme Court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many justices are on the Supreme Court?

    <p>Nine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes up the justices on the Supreme Court?

    <p>One chief justice and eight associate justices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a writ of certiorari?

    <p>A petition asking the Supreme Court to hear a case.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of when a writ of certiorari may be filed?

    <p>If a party wants the Supreme Court to review a lower court ruling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many justices must vote in favor of hearing a case before a writ will be granted?

    <p>Four of the nine justices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complaint?

    <p>A short, plain statement of the facts and legal claims being made.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the complaint?

    <p>To inform the defendant of the general nature of the claims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Litigation: Process of filing claims in court, potentially resulting in a trial.
    • Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR): Formal or informal methods for settling disputes without a trial.
    • Trial Courts: Courts that establish facts of a dispute and apply relevant law from earlier appellate decisions.
    • Jurisdiction: A court's power to hear and decide a case.
    • Subject Matter Jurisdiction: Authority of a court to hear a specific type of case.
    • Trial Courts of Limited Jurisdiction: Courts restricted to hearing certain types of cases.
    • Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction: Courts that can hear a broad range of cases, including virtually any civil lawsuit.

    Personal Jurisdiction

    • Personal Jurisdiction: Legal authority to mandate a defendant to stand trial or pay judgments.
    • Conditions for Personal Jurisdiction:
      • Defendant is a resident of the state where the lawsuit is filed.
      • Defendant actively participates in the lawsuit.
      • Long-arm statute applicability allows courts to reach out-of-state defendants.

    Appellate Courts

    • Judges in Appellate Courts: Cases are typically heard by three or more judges together.
    • Appeals Courts: Review facts established by trial courts to check if legal errors occurred.
    • Appellant and Appellee:
      • Appellant: Party filing the appeal.
      • Appellee: Party opposing the appeal, usually the winner at trial.
    • Written Arguments: Both parties submit briefs outlining their legal arguments.

    Court Outcomes

    • Affirmed: When a court ruling is upheld and permitted to stand.
    • Eversed: When a court ruling is nullified and overturned.

    Federal Court System

    • Establishment: Federal courts operate under authority granted by the U.S. Constitution.
    • Types of Civil Lawsuits in Federal Courts:
      • Federal question cases: Involving U.S. laws or treaties.
      • Diversity cases: Involving parties from different states and exceeding $75,000 in dispute.

    Federal Trial Courts

    • Primary Trial Court: United States District Court.
    • Number of Districts: The nation is divided into 94 federal judicial districts.
    • Judge Nomination and Confirmation:
      • Nominated by the President of the United States.
      • Confirmed by the Senate.

    Appellate Circuits and Supreme Court

    • Circuits of Intermediate Courts of Appeals: There are 11 circuits.
    • U.S. Supreme Court: The highest court in the United States with nine justices, including one chief justice.
    • Writ of Certiorari: A petition for the Supreme Court to review a lower court's decision, requiring approval from four justices to move forward.
    • Complaint: Initial document outlining the facts and legal claims of the plaintiff.
    • Purpose of the Complaint: To inform the defendant of the nature of the claims and the need to respond.

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    Test your legal vocabulary with these flashcards from Chapter 6. Each card provides a definition of key legal terms like litigation and alternative dispute resolution. Perfect for law students or anyone interested in understanding legal processes.

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