Legal Systems and Principles Quiz

<p>Legal certainty means that laws should be applied in the same way regardless of individual circumstances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can violate the principle of legal certainty by changing the rules after the fact. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the abuse of power by individuals and institutions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Everyone has the right to a fair trial, regardless of their social status or wealth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uncertainty and unpredictability in the application of the law. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acts as a facilitator for agreement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mandatory arbitration can occur due to contracts or law. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Misconduct by the arbitrator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The arbitration award is final and cannot be appealed on the merits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mediation generally has lower costs and a faster process. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A court order forcing fulfillment of contractual obligations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect society and prevent undesirable behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mental state or intent behind a criminal action. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine if the defendant's guilt is proven beyond reasonable doubt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Felonies carry longer imprisonment terms than misdemeanors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent a party from causing irreparable harm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They focus on preliminary criminal matters to establish probable cause. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The case is permanently barred from future litigation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manslaughter. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A principle indicating that similar cases should be decided in the same way. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>16-23 jurors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retired military personnel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The voluntary act or physical element of a crime. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preponderance of evidence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To deliberate privately until a decision is reached. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trial juries decide criminal cases, while grand juries assess preliminary evidence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ignoring a substantial risk of death. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deliberate intent to kill. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are valid, irrevocable, and enforceable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Offers no guarantee of resolution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agreement signed by all parties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mediation maintains confidentiality of discussions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failing to recognize a substantial risk of death. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arbitration awards cannot be set aside if the agreement is valid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protecting the rights of individuals in court proceedings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strengthening the power of the government. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congress. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It affirmed the Supreme Court's power of judicial review. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The practice of applying the law to similar cases in a consistent way. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stare decisis is a broader concept that encompasses precedent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strict adherence to the principle of stare decisis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vertical stare decisis applies to lower courts, while horizontal stare decisis applies to courts at the same level. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A legal system where the judge actively investigates the case.

A legal system where two sides argue their cases before a judge.

Laws must be applied consistently and predictably.

All individuals are treated equally under the law.

Laws must be accessible, clear, and prevent discrimination.

Laws that apply to actions taken before the law existed.

Judges adjudicate cases without bias and can guide proceedings.

Lawyers present evidence and argue cases in court.

A jury that decides criminal and civil cases, usually comprised of 6-12 jurors.

A trial where the government proves a defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

A trial that determines if the plaintiff's evidence tips the scale in their favor.

A jury that assesses evidence to determine if there's probable cause for a trial.

A formal charge issued by a grand jury after determining sufficient evidence.

An injury or detriment to one's legal rights or claims, impacting case outcomes.

The private process by which jurors discuss a case to reach a verdict.

Categories of individuals who may be excluded from jury duty, like public officers.

Legal principle ensuring fair trials and evidence before punishment.

Entitlement to damages if liberty is lost without evidence of guilt.

Ensures judicial independence, limits government power, and promotes equality.

Divides government responsibilities among legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

Landmark case establishing judicial review and constitutional authority.

Legal principle of upholding precedents set by previous court decisions.

Obligation for courts at the same level to follow their own prior decisions.

Lower courts are bound by decisions of higher courts.

A process where a neutral mediator helps parties reach an agreement without giving legal advice.

A process where a neutral arbitrator hears a case and issues a binding decision called an arbitration award.

Arbitration required by contract or law with limited rights to appeal the award.

An arbitration where the award is final and cannot be appealed on its merits, but can be converted into a court judgment.

Courts can only review arbitration awards for misconduct, failure to hear evidence, or fraud.

A court order requiring a breaching party to fulfill contract obligations when monetary damages are inadequate.

A court order compelling a party to do or refrain from doing something to prevent irreparable harm.

An action or inaction that violates laws and can be prosecuted by the government.

A serious crime punishable by imprisonment of one year or more.

The mental element or intent behind committing a crime, often termed as 'evil mind'.

The physical act or conduct that constitutes a crime, known as 'evil act'.

A lesser offense punishable by fines or short jail terms, such as DUIs or minor assaults.

Ignoring a substantial risk of death, deviating grossly from reasonable conduct.

Failure to recognize a substantial risk of death, deviating from how a reasonable person would act.

A charge for causing death through criminal negligence.

Methods to resolve disputes outside the judicial process.

Federal law requiring arbitration agreements to be enforced by courts.

ADR method allowing parties to resolve disputes without involving outsiders.

Discussions in mediation can’t be used as evidence in court.