Legal Implications of Dueling and Abortion

Dueling

• Those who kill their opponent in a duel face temporary imprisonment.
• If physical injuries only, those involved will face penalties relative to the injury's nature.
• Arresto Mayor is the punishment if no physical injuries occur.
• Seconds to the duel will be punished as accomplices.

Abortion

• Killing a child less than three days old is considered Infanticide and carries a penalty of reclusion perpetua to death.
• Intentional abortion carries a penalty of reclusion temporal if violence is used or prision mayor if done without violence and the pregnant person didn't consent.
• If consent is given, the penalty is prision correccional for a medium to maximum period.
• Unintentional abortion carries a penalty of prision correccional for a minimum to medium period.
• If the pregnant person or their parents perform or consent to an abortion, the penalty is prision correccional for a medium to maximum period.

World Health Organization (WHO)

• The WHO is responsible for global research in medicine and vaccines.

Revised Penal Code Section Two

• Parricide is discussed in Article 246 of the Revised Penal Code, and the penalty is the same as for Infanticide.

Article 261 - Challenging to a Duel

• Challenging someone to a duel carries a penalty of prision correccional in its minimum period.
• Making fun of someone publicly for refusing a duel challenge also carries the same punishment.

World Systems Theory

• The theory posits that the world is divided into a core, periphery, and semi-periphery based on labor division.
• The core consists of high-income nations that exploit periphery nations for labor and raw materials.
• Semi-periphery nations have middle incomes and closer ties to the core.
• The theory highlights built-in conflict and tension within the system.
• Short-term and long-term objectives can lead to stress.
• Crises occur when contradictions escalate to the point of system dysfunction.

Global Governance

• Sometimes referred to as 'world governance'.
• The movement towards international cooperation through negotiations to address issues affecting multiple states or regions.
• Encourages collaboration between independent nation-states while ensuring sovereignty.

Globalization

• In 1970, 'globalization' was coined as a term.
• Theodore Levitt popularized the concept in the 1980s.
• The IMF identified four key aspects of globalization in the 2000s.
• In 2013, 'borderless society' was introduced as a definition of globalization.
• Globalization was used extensively in academia in 2017.
• In 2018, it became a term used across all disciplines.

Indicators

• Interdependence of countries in various social aspects.
• Advancement of science and technology.
• Issues that cross environmental boundaries.
• Economic, cultural and political globalization.

Nature of Globalization

• Characterized by multiple units in different parts of the world, linked by common ownership.
• These units share a common resource pool and respond to a common strategy.

Reasons for Globalization

• Rapid shrinking of time and distance across the globe.
• Decline of domestic markets due to various factors.
• Companies and institutions seeking political and economic stability.
• Acquisition of international technological and managerial expertise.
• Reducing high transportation costs.
• Proximity to raw materials and consumer markets.
• WTO establishment facilitating increased cross-border trade.

Stages of Globalization

• A domestic company expands overseas by linking with local dealers and distributors.
• The company takes over these activities independently.
• The company begins manufacturing, marketing, and sales in key foreign markets.
• The company establishes full operation in these markets, supported by a complete business system.
• The company adopts a genuinely global mode of operation.

Merits of Globalization

• An open economy driven by rapid innovation abroad.
• Export jobs often pay better than other jobs.
• Productivity increases when countries produce goods and services competitively.

Demerits of Globalization

• Exploitation of developing countries.
• Widening the gap between rich and poor.
• Negative effects on small businesses and industries.

The Mercantilist System

• A system of trade lasting from the 16th to 18th centuries.
• The core idea was maximizing exports and trade for national wealth and power.
• Countries sought to have a trade surplus, accumulating gold and silver.

Gold Standard

• A monetary system where the standard economic unit is based on a fixed amount of gold.

Key Players and Actors in Globalization

• International Organizations
  • Intergovernmental

Explore the legal intricacies surrounding dueling and abortion, including penalties and accomplice liability. This quiz examines the consequences of various actions under the law, such as infanticide and consent in abortion cases. Test your knowledge of these critical legal issues.