Questions and Answers
What is 'Law'?
What is jurisprudence?
The philosophy or science of law.
What is English common law?
Law developed by judges who issued their opinions when deciding a case.
What is the Constitution of the United States of America?
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What is a statute?
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What is a judicial decision?
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What are administrative agencies?
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What is an executive order?
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What is an ordinance?
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What does 'stare decisis' mean?
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What is precedent?
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What is a limited-jurisdiction trial court?
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What is the highest state court?
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What is an intermediate appellate court?
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What is a general-jurisdiction trial court?
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What are special federal courts?
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What are U.S. district courts?
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What are U.S. courts of appeals?
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What is the Supreme Court of the United States?
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What is a writ of certiorari?
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What is a petition for certiorari?
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What is diversity of citizenship?
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What is a federal question case?
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What does standing to sue mean?
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What is in personam jurisdiction?
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What is service of process?
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What is a long-arm statute?
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What is in rem jurisdiction?
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What is quasi in rem jurisdiction?
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What is a forum-selection clause?
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What is venue?
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What is the significance of Zippo Manufacturing Company v. Zippo Dot Com, Inc.?
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What is a choice-of-law clause?
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What is administrative law?
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What is litigation?
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What is a complaint?
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What is a plaintiff?
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What is an answer in legal terms?
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What is a summons?
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What is a cross-complaint?
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What is a class action?
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What is consolidation in legal terms?
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What is discovery in a legal context?
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What is a deposition?
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What are interrogatories?
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What is a motion for judgment on the pleadings?
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What is a settlement conference?
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What is voir dire?
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What is alternative dispute resolution (ADR)?
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What are the main functions of the law?
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What are the schools of jurisprudential thought?
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What is 'Natural Law'?
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What does 'command' mean in legal theory?
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What does 'law and economics' emphasize?
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What is administrative law?
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What are federal statutes?
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What is codified law?
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What is a majority decision?
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What is a unanimous decision?
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What is the District of Columbia Circuit?
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What is a circuit in legal terms?
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Study Notes
Key Legal Concepts
- Law: Enforced rules of conduct prescribed by a governing authority, subject to legal consequences.
- Jurisprudence: The philosophical study of law and legal systems.
- English Common Law: Development of laws through judicial opinions that set precedents for future cases.
U.S. Legal Framework
- Constitution of the United States: The supreme legal authority in the U.S.
- Statute: Legislation enacted by federal or state governments to establish conduct standards.
- Judicial Decision: Individual case rulings from federal or state courts.
Court Systems
- Administrative Agencies: Government bodies such as the SEC and FTC, created to enforce regulations.
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Jurisdiction Types:
- Limited-Jurisdiction Courts: Hear specific types of cases.
- General-Jurisdiction Courts: Handle a variety of cases, record trials.
- Special Federal Courts: Address specialized issues under federal law.
Federal Court Structure
- U.S. District Courts: General trial courts within the federal system.
- U.S. Courts of Appeals: Intermediate appellate courts for federal case reviews.
- Supreme Court of the United States: Highest court, reviews cases from lower courts and judicial decisions.
Legal Principles & Processes
- Stare Decisis: Legal principle of adhering to precedent in court decisions.
- Diversity of Citizenship: Allows federal jurisdiction for cases involving parties from different states or a foreign country.
- Standing to Sue: Requirement for a party to have a stake in the case outcome.
Lawsuit Procedures
- Pleading: Initial paperwork filed to initiate or respond to a lawsuit.
- Discovery: Pre-trial process to gather facts through depositions, interrogatories, and document productions.
- Pretrial Motions: Requests to resolve issues before trial, such as motions for summary judgment.
Alternative Dispute Resolution
- Mediation: Dispute resolution method where a mediator assists in negotiations.
- Arbitration: Involves a neutral third party making decisions on a dispute, often dictated by an arbitration clause in contracts.
Law and Society
- Functions of Law: Maintain peace, shape moral standards, promote justice, facilitate change and planning, and uphold individual freedoms.
- Schools of Jurisprudential Thought: Include Natural Law, Historical, Analytical, Sociological, Command, Critical Legal Studies, and Law and Economics, each with distinct views on the law's nature and purpose.
Legislative Bodies
- U.S. Congress: Bicameral legislature responsible for enacting federal laws.
- State Legislatures: Create state statutes impacting local governance.
Court Decisions
- Majority Decision: Requires majority of justices to agree on case outcomes and legal reasoning.
- Unanimous Decision: All justices agree on the decision and rationale.
- Venue: Determines the appropriate court for a case based on geographical relevance.
Administrative Law
- Administrative Law Judge (ALJ): Presides over disputes in administrative law settings.
- Administrative Procedure Act (APA): Governs federal administrative agencies' processes.
- State and Local Agencies: Handle regulatory issues at state and local levels.
Legal Terms
- Writ of Certiorari: Supreme Court's decision to review lower court cases.
- Class Action: Lawsuit filed by a group with common claims against a defendant.
- Statute of Limitations: Time frame within which a plaintiff must file a lawsuit.
These notes encapsulate the essential terms, definitions, and concepts from the provided text, serving as a comprehensive study guide.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of law, jurisprudence, and English common law in this quiz covering chapters 1 to 3 of the Legal Environment of Business. Test your understanding of essential legal terms and their implications for businesses.