Legal Concepts Overview Quiz

Nationalization: The process by which a government takes control of privately owned assets or companies, often in strategic industries, by bringing them under state ownership or ______

Pacta sunt servanda: A principle in international law meaning 'agreements must be kept,' emphasizing the binding nature of treaties and ______

Sanctity of contracts: The principle that emphasizes the binding nature of contractual relations and the requirement for mutual consent for the repeal or alteration of ______

Restitutio in integrum: A legal principle referring to the restoration of a party to its original position before a contract was made, often through compensation for ______

Compensation for ______: The financial remedy awarded to a party for losses suffered due to a breach of contract or other legal violation

General principle of equity: A legal principle emphasizing fairness and justice in the application of law, often used to mitigate onerous obligations or provide relief in contractual ______

Interests: In the legal context, this refers to the financial compensation or ______ awarded to a party for losses suffered due to a breach of contract or other legal violation

Jurisdiction of the arbitrator: The authority of the arbitrator to make decisions and resolve disputes within the scope of the arbitration ______

Attorney-Client Privilege: A legal concept that protects communications between a client and their attorney from being disclosed without the client's ______.

Custodian of Records: An individual responsible for maintaining and providing access to company records, often called upon to testify about the records in legal ______.

In-House Counsel Lawyers: Lawyers who work within a company or organization, providing legal advice and representation exclusively to their ______.

Privilege: The legal protection that allows certain communications or information to be kept confidential, particularly in the context of ______-client privilege.

MLA (Master Licensing Agreement): The unique licensing agreement between McDonald's and Dayan, outlining the terms and obligations for maintaining QSC standards, including provisions for default and ______.

Conseil d'etat: as the Council of State, is a body of the French government that acts as both a legal advisory council to the executive branch and as an administrative court for disputes involving government actions or ______.

Juge d'Instruction: In the French legal system, the juge d'instruction, or examining magistrate, is a judicial officer responsible for conducting criminal investigations, examining evidence, questioning witnesses, and deciding whether to prosecute individuals accused of committing ______.

Avocat: An avocat is a legal professional who provides legal representation and advice to clients in various legal ______.

Partie Civile: as 'civil party,' refers to a person or entity that joins criminal proceedings as a victim or injured party seeking compensation or redress for harm suffered as a result of the alleged criminal ______.

Action de Groupe ('Class Actions'): An action de groupe, or class action, is a legal proceeding in which a group of individuals who have suffered similar harm or injury collectively bring a lawsuit against a defendant or ______.

Choice of law clause: A provision in a contract that specifies which laws will govern the interpretation and enforcement of the contract. 10.Nature of concession deeds: The legal characteristics and terms of the concessions granted by the government to a private entity, often involving rights and obligations related to natural resources or infrastructure. 11.Breach of contract: The violation of terms or conditions of a contract, leading to legal consequences and potential remedies for the injured party. 12.Mass Tort Dispute Resolution: A legal process used to address situations where numerous individuals have suffered harm due to the actions or products of a corporation or entity.It involves the resolution of claims brought by a large number of plaintiffs who have experienced similar injuries or damages. 13.Entrepreneurial Lawyers: Lawyers in the U.S.who actively seek out clients and mass tort cases, often working on a contingency fee basis, and who may use innovative legal strategies to represent large groups of plaintiffs in class actions or multidistrict litigation (MDL). 14.Corporationist Legal Profession: A term used to describe the French legal profession, which is characterized by a division into different categories, restrictions on engaging in commercial activities, and a strong regulatory framework for each category of legal professionals. 15.Class Actions: A type of lawsuit where one or several individuals sue on behalf of a larger group of people who are similarly affected.In France, class actions are limited and must be brought by state-approved associations rather than by lawyers. 16.Hamon Law: French legislation that introduced limited class-action-type remedies for consumers, who must be represented by government-approved associations.It covers specific fields such as consumer protection, discrimination, environmental damage, and breaches of personal data privacy. 17.Direct Citation: A legal procedure in France that allows individuals to directly open a criminal case without waiting for the conclusions of an investigation, often used to expedite legal proceedings. 18.Multidistrict Litigation (MDL): A procedure in the United States federal court system designed to consolidate complex litigation involving multiple plaintiffs to one court for pretrial proceedings, with the goal of efficiency and consistency. 19.Public Health Code: In the context of French law, it is the legal framework that governs public health matters, including the regulation of pharmaceuticals and the introduction of mass tort group actions. 20.Social Justice: The concept of fair and just relations between the individual and society, measured by the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society.In the context of mass torts, it refers to the legal and societal efforts to address the harms caused by entities to the population. 21.Statute of Limitations: A law that sets the maximum time after an event within which legal proceedings may be initiated.In the context of mass torts, it can limit the time frame in which individuals can bring forth legal action for injuries suffered. 22.Huissier Reports: Official reports prepared by court-appointed huissiers in France, detailing observations and findings related to cleanliness, employee performance, equipment conditions, and other quantitative data. 23.QSC Standards: Quality, Service, and Cleanliness standards established by McDonald's, which franchisees are contractually obligated to maintain. 24. 1971 License Agreement: A unique licensing agreement between McDonald's and Dayan, differing substantially from McDonald's standard licensing agreement, and forming the basis for pivotal evidentiary rulings and findings of fact. 25.Good Faith Termination: The termination of a franchise agreement by McDonald's, based on substantial noncompliance with QSC standards, and the determination of whether the termination was conducted in good faith. 26.

Choice of law clause: A provision in a contract that specifies which laws will govern ______ interpretation and enforcement of ______ contract. 10.Nature of concession deeds: The legal characteristics and terms of ______ concessions granted by ______ government to a private entity, often involving rights and obligations related to natural resources or infrastructure. 11.Breach of contract: The violation of terms or conditions of a contract, leading to legal consequences and potential remedies for ______ injured party. 12.Mass Tort Dispute Resolution: A legal process used to address situations where numerous individuals have suffered harm due to ______ actions or products of a corporation or entity.It involves ______ resolution of claims brought by a large number of plaintiffs who have experienced similar injuries or damages. 13.Entrepreneurial Lawyers: Lawyers in ______ U.S.who actively seek out clients and mass tort cases, often working on a contingency fee basis, and who may use innovative legal strategies to represent large groups of plaintiffs in class actions or multidistrict litigation (MDL). 14.Corporationist Legal Profession: A term used to describe ______ French legal profession, which is characterized by a division into different categories, restrictions on engaging in commercial activities, and a strong regulatory framework for each category of legal professionals. 15.Class Actions: A type of lawsuit where one or several individuals sue on behalf of a larger group of people who are similarly affected.In France, class actions are limited and must be brought by state-approved associations ra______r than by lawyers. 16.Hamon Law: French legislation that introduced limited class-action-type remedies for consumers, who must be represented by government-approved associations.It covers specific fields such as consumer protection, discrimination, environmental damage, and breaches of personal data privacy. 17.Direct Citation: A legal procedure in France that allows individuals to directly open a criminal case without waiting for ______ conclusions of an investigation, often used to expedite legal proceedings. 18.Multidistrict Litigation (MDL): A procedure in ______ United States federal court system designed to consolidate complex litigation involving multiple plaintiffs to one court for pretrial proceedings, with ______ goal of efficiency and consistency. 19.Public Health Code: In ______ context of French law, it is ______ legal framework that governs public health matters, including ______ regulation of pharmaceuticals and ______ introduction of mass tort group actions. 20.Social Justice: The concept of fair and just relations between ______ individual and society, measured by ______ distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society.In ______ context of mass torts, it refers to ______ legal and societal efforts to address ______ harms caused by entities to ______ population. 21.Statute of Limitations: A law that sets ______ maximum time after an event within which legal proceedings may be initiated.In ______ context of mass torts, it can limit ______ time frame in which individuals can bring forth legal action for injuries suffered. 22.Huissier Reports: Official reports prepared by court-appointed huissiers in France, detailing observations and findings related to cleanliness, employee performance, equipment conditions, and o______r quantitative data. 23.QSC Standards: Quality, Service, and Cleanliness standards established by McDonald's, which franchisees are contractually obligated to maintain. 24. 1971 License Agreement: A unique licensing agreement between McDonald's and Dayan, differing substantially from McDonald's standard licensing agreement, and forming ______ basis for pivotal evidentiary rulings and findings of fact. 25.Good Faith Termination: The termination of a franchise agreement by McDonald's, based on substantial noncompliance with QSC standards, and ______ determination of whe______r ______ termination was conducted in good faith. 26.

Relevance of Evidence: The admissibility of evidence that has a tendency to prove a fact in controversy or render a matter in issue more or less probable, as tested in light of logic, experience, and accepted assumptions as to human behavior.

Relevance of Evidence: The ______ of evidence that has a tendency to prove a fact in controversy or render a matter in issue more or less probable, as tested in light of logic, experience, and accepted assumptions as to human behavior.