Legal Causation and Novus Actus Interveniens Quiz

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What type of conduct is governed by the principle that behavior must be voluntary and willed?

Acts, words, and possession (correct)
Result crimes
Omissions
Offences dependent on circumstances

Which type of possession refers to having an object under your direct control?

Conduct crimes
Actual possession (correct)
Constructive possession
Offences dependent on circumstances

What type of crime requires a certain result of the accused's actions?

Offences dependent on circumstances
Omission crimes
Result crimes (correct)
Conduct crimes

Which type of liability can be imposed for both voluntary and involuntary actions?

State of affairs liability (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the exception to the principle that behavior must be voluntary and willed?

Omissions (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of possession refers to having control over an object that someone else physically possesses, but is acting under your control?

Constructive possession (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the four requirements that must be satisfied to break the chain of causation?

The actions of the third party were unforeseeable (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the case of R v Pagett, what was the issue regarding the police's actions?

The police's actions were involuntary and did not constitute a novus actus (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the case of R v Jordan, what was the court's ruling regarding the defendant's liability for the victim's death?

The defendant was liable for the victim's death because the antibiotic treatment was a normal medical treatment (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the three examples of an independent force mentioned in the text?

A natural force (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a requirement for the third party's conduct to break the chain of causation?

The third party's conduct must be reasonable (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general principle regarding the defendant's liability when the victim's death results from a normal medical treatment required because of the defendant's conduct?

The defendant is liable for the victim's death because the medical treatment was dependent on the defendant's conduct (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key principle regarding the actions of the accused in criminal law?

The actions of the accused must be voluntary (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale for the principle of voluntariness in criminal law?

The defendant does not deserve to be punished and they serve no deterrent function (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'but for' test in determining causation in criminal law?

Would the outcome have happened if the defendant had not acted? (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key principle of 'Novus Actus Interveniens' in criminal law?

The free and voluntary act of a third party, rendering the accused not guilty of the consequences of his original action (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the case of R v White, what was the outcome of the case?

W was convicted of attempted murder (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two key elements of proving legal causation in criminal law?

The consequence was attributable to a culpable act and That the defendant's behaviour was a significant/ substantial cause of the prohibited harm (B) Signup and view all the answers