Legal Causation and Novus Actus Interveniens Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of conduct is governed by the principle that behavior must be voluntary and willed?

  • Acts, words, and possession (correct)
  • Result crimes
  • Omissions
  • Offences dependent on circumstances
  • Which type of possession refers to having an object under your direct control?

  • Conduct crimes
  • Actual possession (correct)
  • Constructive possession
  • Offences dependent on circumstances
  • What type of crime requires a certain result of the accused's actions?

  • Offences dependent on circumstances
  • Omission crimes
  • Result crimes (correct)
  • Conduct crimes
  • Which type of liability can be imposed for both voluntary and involuntary actions?

    <p>State of affairs liability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the exception to the principle that behavior must be voluntary and willed?

    <p>Omissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of possession refers to having control over an object that someone else physically possesses, but is acting under your control?

    <p>Constructive possession</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the four requirements that must be satisfied to break the chain of causation?

    <p>The actions of the third party were unforeseeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of R v Pagett, what was the issue regarding the police's actions?

    <p>The police's actions were involuntary and did not constitute a novus actus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of R v Jordan, what was the court's ruling regarding the defendant's liability for the victim's death?

    <p>The defendant was liable for the victim's death because the antibiotic treatment was a normal medical treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the three examples of an independent force mentioned in the text?

    <p>A natural force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a requirement for the third party's conduct to break the chain of causation?

    <p>The third party's conduct must be reasonable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general principle regarding the defendant's liability when the victim's death results from a normal medical treatment required because of the defendant's conduct?

    <p>The defendant is liable for the victim's death because the medical treatment was dependent on the defendant's conduct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key principle regarding the actions of the accused in criminal law?

    <p>The actions of the accused must be voluntary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rationale for the principle of voluntariness in criminal law?

    <p>The defendant does not deserve to be punished and they serve no deterrent function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'but for' test in determining causation in criminal law?

    <p>Would the outcome have happened if the defendant had not acted?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key principle of 'Novus Actus Interveniens' in criminal law?

    <p>The free and voluntary act of a third party, rendering the accused not guilty of the consequences of his original action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of R v White, what was the outcome of the case?

    <p>W was convicted of attempted murder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two key elements of proving legal causation in criminal law?

    <p>The consequence was attributable to a culpable act and That the defendant's behaviour was a significant/ substantial cause of the prohibited harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

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