Learning and Behavior Psychology Chapter 2 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of learning is associated with an association learned between one stimulus and another?

  • Operant conditioning
  • Behavior modification
  • Cognitive learning
  • Classical conditioning (correct)
  • Who is known for studying the conditioned reflex in dogs?

  • Ivan Pavlov (correct)
  • B.F. Skinner
  • Sigmund Freud
  • John Watson
  • What is an example of an unconditioned response in classical conditioning?

  • Touching a hot stove and pulling hand away
  • Swallowing when food is in the mouth
  • Blinking in response to light
  • Salivation in response to food (correct)
  • What does classical conditioning involve learning?

    <p>Associations between stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of learning involves making an association between a specific stimulus and another to influence attitudes and emotional responses?

    <p>Classical conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a conditioned reflex in classical conditioning?

    <p>Involuntary response to a neutral stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an Unconditioned Stimulus (US)?

    <p>A stimulus that elicits an Unconditioned Response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Pavlov's classical conditioning studies, how was the dog isolated during the experiments?

    <p>By restraining the dog in a harness and isolating it from all distractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of rest?

    <p>Spontaneous recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Extinction refer to in classical conditioning?

    <p>The weakening of a learned response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus?

    <p>To turn the neutral stimulus into a conditioned stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's experiment with the dogs?

    <p>The food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the learned ability to distinguish between similar stimuli in classical conditioning?

    <p>Discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Conditioned Response (CR) in classical conditioning?

    <p>A response learned through association with the Unconditioned Stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Classical Conditioning defined based on Pavlov's experiments?

    <p>Pairing of neutral and unconditioned stimuli to produce a conditioned response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted the Little Albert experiment that proved fear could be classically conditioned?

    <p>John B. Watson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did John B. Watson condition Little Albert to fear in his experiment?

    <p>White rat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the classically conditioned response to a stimulus similar to the original conditioned stimulus?

    <p>Generalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In classical conditioning, what factor refers to the number of pairings of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US)?

    <p>Intensity of CS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of conditioning involves the response coming first, followed by consequences that modify future behavior?

    <p>Operant conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist is associated with conditioning voluntary responses and using a Skinner box in experiments?

    <p>B.F. Skinner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen after a period of rest following extinction in operant conditioning?

    <p>Spontaneous recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In shaping behavior through reinforcement, what are rewards used to do?

    <p>Increase response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor in classical conditioning relates to how reliably the conditioned stimulus predicts the unconditioned stimulus?

    <p>Temporal relationship between CS and US</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as an event that follows a response and increases the strength of the response or the likelihood that it will be repeated?

    <p>Positive Reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reinforcement involves the removal of a pleasant stimulus or the application of an unpleasant stimulus to suppress a response?

    <p>Negative Reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are primary reinforcers based on?

    <p>Need for survival and basic physical needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which reinforcement pattern is reinforcement given after a fixed number of correct responses?

    <p>Fixed-Ratio Reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective way to condition new responses?

    <p>Variable-Ratio Reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reinforcement involves reinforcing every correct response?

    <p>Partial Reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

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