30 Questions
What type of learning is associated with an association learned between one stimulus and another?
Classical conditioning
Who is known for studying the conditioned reflex in dogs?
Ivan Pavlov
What is an example of an unconditioned response in classical conditioning?
Salivation in response to food
What does classical conditioning involve learning?
Associations between stimuli
Which type of learning involves making an association between a specific stimulus and another to influence attitudes and emotional responses?
Classical conditioning
What is a characteristic of a conditioned reflex in classical conditioning?
Involuntary response to a neutral stimulus
What is the definition of an Unconditioned Stimulus (US)?
A stimulus that elicits an Unconditioned Response
In Pavlov's classical conditioning studies, how was the dog isolated during the experiments?
By restraining the dog in a harness and isolating it from all distractions
What term is used to describe the reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of rest?
Spontaneous recovery
What does Extinction refer to in classical conditioning?
The weakening of a learned response
What is the purpose of pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus?
To turn the neutral stimulus into a conditioned stimulus
In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's experiment with the dogs?
The food
What is the term for the learned ability to distinguish between similar stimuli in classical conditioning?
Discrimination
What is a Conditioned Response (CR) in classical conditioning?
A response learned through association with the Unconditioned Stimulus
How is Classical Conditioning defined based on Pavlov's experiments?
Pairing of neutral and unconditioned stimuli to produce a conditioned response
Who conducted the Little Albert experiment that proved fear could be classically conditioned?
John B. Watson
What did John B. Watson condition Little Albert to fear in his experiment?
White rat
What term describes the classically conditioned response to a stimulus similar to the original conditioned stimulus?
Generalization
In classical conditioning, what factor refers to the number of pairings of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US)?
Intensity of CS
What type of conditioning involves the response coming first, followed by consequences that modify future behavior?
Operant conditioning
Which psychologist is associated with conditioning voluntary responses and using a Skinner box in experiments?
B.F. Skinner
What can happen after a period of rest following extinction in operant conditioning?
Spontaneous recovery
In shaping behavior through reinforcement, what are rewards used to do?
Increase response
What factor in classical conditioning relates to how reliably the conditioned stimulus predicts the unconditioned stimulus?
Temporal relationship between CS and US
What is defined as an event that follows a response and increases the strength of the response or the likelihood that it will be repeated?
Positive Reinforcement
Which type of reinforcement involves the removal of a pleasant stimulus or the application of an unpleasant stimulus to suppress a response?
Negative Reinforcement
What are primary reinforcers based on?
Need for survival and basic physical needs
In which reinforcement pattern is reinforcement given after a fixed number of correct responses?
Fixed-Ratio Reinforcement
What is the most effective way to condition new responses?
Variable-Ratio Reinforcement
Which reinforcement involves reinforcing every correct response?
Partial Reinforcement
Test your knowledge on classical conditioning, operant conditioning, behavior modification, and cognitive learning in the context of psychology. Explore how different theories explain the relationship between stimuli and behaviors.
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