Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the Premack Principle?
What is the Premack Principle?
The principle that says instead of looking at how a reinforcer satisfies a certain need, we look at the probability that a response will occur.
How could you use the Premack Principle to increase a low-probability behavior of your own?
How could you use the Premack Principle to increase a low-probability behavior of your own?
I would complete an hour of studying in order to have an hour of watching Netflix.
Compare escape and avoidance behavior.
Compare escape and avoidance behavior.
Escape behavior is a behavior that terminates the aversive stimulus, while avoidance behavior prevents the aversive stimulus from occurring.
Provide an example of escape behavior from your life.
Provide an example of escape behavior from your life.
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Provide an example of avoidance behavior from your life.
Provide an example of avoidance behavior from your life.
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Describe a view of compulsive behavior as avoidant.
Describe a view of compulsive behavior as avoidant.
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What is the exposure and response prevention treatment of OCD?
What is the exposure and response prevention treatment of OCD?
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What impact does noncontingent reinforcement have on responding?
What impact does noncontingent reinforcement have on responding?
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Compare positive punishment and negative punishment.
Compare positive punishment and negative punishment.
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How are negative punishment and extinction similar?
How are negative punishment and extinction similar?
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Identify the potential problems of using punishment.
Identify the potential problems of using punishment.
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Study Notes
Premack Principle
- Reinforcement based on the probability of responses rather than needs.
- High-probability behavior can reinforce low-probability behavior.
- Example: Studying for an hour leads to an hour of Netflix; studying is reinforced by the reward of watching.
Escape and Avoidance Behavior
- Escape behavior ends an aversive stimulus (e.g., leaving a loud party).
- Avoidance behavior prevents an aversive stimulus (e.g., avoiding presentations due to anxiety).
- Both behaviors aim to reduce discomfort caused by stressors.
Compulsive Behavior
- Viewed as an active avoidance response to reduce anxiety.
- Examples include repetitive actions, like excessive hand-washing.
- Compulsive actions provide temporary relief, serving as both avoidance and escape from anxiety.
Exposure and Response Prevention Treatment (ERPT) for OCD
- A therapy combining flooding and desensitization.
- Gradual exposure helps reduce anxiety while prolonged exposure addresses the fear directly.
Noncontingent Reinforcement
- Leads to ritualistic behavior patterns when reinforcement occurs independently of behavior.
- Accidental reinforcement causes behaviors to increase in frequency, forming habitual actions.
Positive vs. Negative Punishment
- Positive punishment introduces an aversive stimulus after a response to decrease that response's strength.
- Negative punishment removes a rewarding experience following a response, also decreasing the response's strength.
Negative Punishment vs. Extinction
- Negative punishment involves removing positive stimuli to weaken behaviors.
- Extinction weakens conditioned responses by repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus.
- Key difference: one is about removal (negative punishment) while the other is about non-reinforcement (extinction).
Application of Concepts in Reinforcement/Punishment
- Understanding conditioned/unconditioned and intrinsic/extrinsic factors is essential for effective reinforcement and punishment strategies.
- Differentiating between natural and contrived consequences can enhance learning outcomes.
Problems with Using Punishment
- Punishment doesn’t necessarily promote positive behavior; can suppress harmless behaviors.
- It may lead to a general reduction of behaviors, not just the targeted one.
- Effects on the punisher's relationship dynamics can be detrimental, with potential for fear or resentment to develop.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Premack Principle and its application to behavior modification. This flashcard set will help you understand how to leverage high-probability behaviors to enhance low-probability actions in various contexts.