Learning Analytics and Intelligent Tutoring Systems

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Questions and Answers

What is a key feature of the Spark platform?

It focuses solely on standardized testing.

It eliminates the need for teachers.

It provides individualised learning pathways. (correct)

It emphasizes group learning activities.

What does the Gooru Navigator aspire to be?

A database of educational resources.

The Google Maps for learning. (correct)

An assessment tool for teachers.

A platform for social learning.

Which of the following statements is true about learning analytics in Spark?

It provides real-time engagement statistics. (correct)

It is used only for administrative purposes.

It replaces the need for teacher intervention.

It does not track student progress.

What is the primary goal of the Gooru Navigator?

To assist learners in navigating educational resources. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Spark platform?

It offers a competitive environment for students. Signup and view all the answers

What factor does recent AIED research suggest about the impact of human tutoring?

It is below one standard deviation. Signup and view all the answers

How does the effectiveness of some Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) compare to human tutoring according to the research?

Some ITS have achieved impacts similar to human tutoring. Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard deviation in the context of the impact of human tutoring as per AIED research?

A statistical measurement of the spread of tutoring impacts. Signup and view all the answers

What is implied about the role of Intelligent Tutoring Systems in reference to human tutoring?

They can replicate some aspects of human tutoring's effectiveness. Signup and view all the answers

Who conducted the research discussing the impacts of human tutoring and its comparison to ITS?

VanLehn. Signup and view all the answers

Which platform is primarily categorized as a content sharing service?

TikTok Signup and view all the answers

What role did social networking platforms play during the COVID-19 school shutdowns?

They supported student learning in various ways. Signup and view all the answers

Which content sharing platform experienced growth in usage during the COVID-19 school shutdowns?

YouTube Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as a social networking platform?

YouTube Signup and view all the answers

What trend was observed regarding the use of specific platforms for education during school shutdowns?

Increase in the use of social networking and content sharing platforms. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the time did students agree with the feedback provided?

98% Signup and view all the answers

How does the students' agreement with feedback compare to that from human instructors?

It is slightly higher than their agreement with human instructors. Signup and view all the answers

What was the source of the data regarding student feedback agreement?

Metz, 2021 Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the students' perception of the feedback they received?

They agreed with it almost all the time. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true based on the provided information?

Students had a high level of agreement with provided feedback. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding the applicability of the discussed strategies?

Their effectiveness for individual students is unclear. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best summarizes the usefulness of the strategies mentioned?

Their relevance for individuals is uncertain. Signup and view all the answers

How do the strategies relate to group settings?

They are potentially effective for groups but not for individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What implication can be drawn from the content regarding individual student strategies?

They may not effectively address the needs of individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential limitation mentioned about the strategies discussed?

Their benefits for groups may not translate to individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'neuro-symbolic AI' commonly associated with?

An integration of knowledge-based and data-driven approaches Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'only time will tell' imply regarding the future of neuro-symbolic AI?

The outcome is uncertain and will be revealed in the future Signup and view all the answers

In what field is the combination of knowledge-based and data-driven approaches seen as a progressive step?

Educational applications Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT represent a characteristic of neuro-symbolic AI?

It relies solely on knowledge-based methods Signup and view all the answers

Why is the combination of knowledge-based and data-driven approaches important?

It leverages the strengths of both approaches for better outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

State of the Art and Practice in AI in Education

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have fueled high expectations for its future role in education and learning (AIED).
These expectations are often based on misunderstandings of current AI capabilities, limited understanding of existing AIED systems, and overly simplistic views of education and its role in society.
A review of AI systems in education reveals diverse pedagogical and educational philosophies underlying their design.

Introduction

AI is frequently compared to "new oil," highlighting its significant economic potential and societal impact.
There are substantial global investments in AI technology.
Concerns exist regarding the potential use of AI in education, including the automation of teacher tasks and its impact on learning outcomes.
AIED research and development has primarily been driven by computer scientists, but commercial interests have become increasingly prominent.
The AIED market is projected to rapidly expand to over US$20 billion.

What is AI?

Defining AI is complex and often contested; various perspectives exist in the literature and policy domains.
The European Union (EU) focuses on AI products marketed for the EU common market, whereas discussions about AI often rely on science fiction or hypothetical scenarios of future AI capabilities.
A working definition of Al is that it's a machine-based system capable of making predictions, recommendations, or decisions about real or virtual environments.

Data-Driven AI

Data-driven AI involves using large datasets to train computer models to improve their accuracy in predictions.
Key to this approach is the iterative adjustment of model parameters, a technique known as deep learning.
Modern AI systems contain numerous interconnected "neural networks," with millions or billions of adjustable parameters.
Training these complex models often requires significant computational resources, and large datasets.

Knowledge-Based AI

Knowledge-based AI systems rely on representing human knowledge and expertise as rules in computer programs or expert systems.
These systems often leverage reasoning and rule-based inference to make decisions.
Knowledge-based AI systems have been widely used in simpler contexts but face challenges in complex or dynamic environments.

Taxonomy of AIED Systems

AI in education (AIED) can be categorized as:
Student-focused AIED: Includes intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), AI-assisted learning apps and simulations, support for students with disabilities, automatic essay writing, chatbots, automatic formative assessment, dialogic-based tutoring systems, and exploratory learning environments.
Teacher-focused AIED: Focuses on aiding teachers, including plagiarism detection, smart curation of learning materials, classroom monitoring and Al-assisted feedback and summative assessment tools.
Institution-focused AIED: addresses administrative functions such as admissions, course planning, scheduling, and dropout identification tools.

Roadblocks on the AIED Highway

Ethical Concerns: Raises questions regarding student autonomy, data privacy, and potential biases embedded in AI systems.
Personalization: A complex multifaceted concept that needs careful consideration to avoid homogenization of learning practices and ignore the social interaction aspect and collaboration in learning.
Efficacy and Impact: Evidence of positive impact (especially in large scale) is often lacking.
Techno-solutionism: The assumption that AI can solve all educational problems without considering underlying societal and cultural causes.
AIED Colonialism: The use of AIED systems in inequitable power dynamics between Global North and Global South nations.
Commercialization of Education: concerns about the potential for AIED systems to be monetized and prioritize profit, without adequate consideration for learner benefits and educational values.

Concluding Vision

The future of AIED likely requires a combination of both knowledge-based and data-driven approaches.
Future AIED systems will likely use data for pattern recognition for providing basic learning information processing.
Developing AIED systems should consider the human development aspect.
Further research in the areas of AIED, ethics, personalization, efficacy, techno-solutionism, and commercialization is necessary.

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Description

This quiz delves into key features of the Spark platform and the Gooru Navigator, along with the effectiveness of Intelligent Tutoring Systems compared to human tutoring. It covers fundamental concepts of learning analytics and the role of educational technology in enhancing learning experiences.