Podcast
Questions and Answers
What characteristic is NOT associated with servant leadership?
What characteristic is NOT associated with servant leadership?
Which of the following elements is essential for shared leadership to flourish?
Which of the following elements is essential for shared leadership to flourish?
Authentic leaders are known for their ability to:
Authentic leaders are known for their ability to:
Which of the following is a key principle of the implicit leadership perspective?
Which of the following is a key principle of the implicit leadership perspective?
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Which of the following practices is NOT part of developing authentic leadership?
Which of the following practices is NOT part of developing authentic leadership?
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What is a described outcome of authentic leadership for followers?
What is a described outcome of authentic leadership for followers?
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What distinguishes shared leadership from traditional leadership models?
What distinguishes shared leadership from traditional leadership models?
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Which characteristic is likely associated with ethical decisions in leadership?
Which characteristic is likely associated with ethical decisions in leadership?
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What is a primary role of a leader in transformational leadership?
What is a primary role of a leader in transformational leadership?
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Which behavior is essential for leaders to model their vision effectively?
Which behavior is essential for leaders to model their vision effectively?
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What is a key element of encouraging experimentation within a team?
What is a key element of encouraging experimentation within a team?
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How do leaders build trust among employees in transformational leadership?
How do leaders build trust among employees in transformational leadership?
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What is the impact of idealizing and framing a vision in transformational leadership?
What is the impact of idealizing and framing a vision in transformational leadership?
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What characteristic is essential for leaders to communicate effectively?
What characteristic is essential for leaders to communicate effectively?
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What does 'walking the talk' refer to in transformational leadership?
What does 'walking the talk' refer to in transformational leadership?
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Why is it important for leaders to communicate with humility and sincerity?
Why is it important for leaders to communicate with humility and sincerity?
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Which personality traits are most strongly associated with effective leadership?
Which personality traits are most strongly associated with effective leadership?
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What is the primary distinction between transactional and transformational leadership?
What is the primary distinction between transactional and transformational leadership?
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What attribute is crucial for a leader to have when judging dilemmas?
What attribute is crucial for a leader to have when judging dilemmas?
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Which statement best describes the role of gender in leadership styles according to the content?
Which statement best describes the role of gender in leadership styles according to the content?
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Which leadership style is characterized by avoiding responsibility and decision-making?
Which leadership style is characterized by avoiding responsibility and decision-making?
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Which of the following is NOT an attribute of effective leaders according to the discussed leadership theories?
Which of the following is NOT an attribute of effective leaders according to the discussed leadership theories?
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What aspect of self-concept is essential for effective leadership?
What aspect of self-concept is essential for effective leadership?
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In the context of leadership, which of the following describes emotional intelligence?
In the context of leadership, which of the following describes emotional intelligence?
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In the context of managerial leadership, which of the following describes its focus?
In the context of managerial leadership, which of the following describes its focus?
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Which attribute is characterized by a high need for socialized power?
Which attribute is characterized by a high need for socialized power?
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What is not a critical element of transformational leadership?
What is not a critical element of transformational leadership?
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Management by exception (active) is primarily concerned with which of the following?
Management by exception (active) is primarily concerned with which of the following?
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What is a significant requirement for leaders regarding their knowledge?
What is a significant requirement for leaders regarding their knowledge?
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Which leadership characteristic is linked to high conscientiousness?
Which leadership characteristic is linked to high conscientiousness?
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What central role does transformational leadership play within an organization?
What central role does transformational leadership play within an organization?
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How does transformational leadership generally influence employee performance?
How does transformational leadership generally influence employee performance?
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What is a significant risk associated with charismatic leadership?
What is a significant risk associated with charismatic leadership?
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Which leadership behavior is most effective for employees with low skill and experience?
Which leadership behavior is most effective for employees with low skill and experience?
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How does transformational leadership primarily engage its followers?
How does transformational leadership primarily engage its followers?
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What does the Path-Goal leadership model suggest about leadership styles in low cohesion teams?
What does the Path-Goal leadership model suggest about leadership styles in low cohesion teams?
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What is the primary factor in the Situational Leadership Model for determining the best leadership style?
What is the primary factor in the Situational Leadership Model for determining the best leadership style?
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Which leadership behavior focuses on assigning tasks and setting goals?
Which leadership behavior focuses on assigning tasks and setting goals?
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Which factor in Path-Goal leadership would suggest using participative leadership?
Which factor in Path-Goal leadership would suggest using participative leadership?
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What is a limitation of transformational leadership according to the content?
What is a limitation of transformational leadership according to the content?
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Which element is NOT essential in building commitment to a leadership vision?
Which element is NOT essential in building commitment to a leadership vision?
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What does Fiedler's Contingency Model emphasize for effective leadership?
What does Fiedler's Contingency Model emphasize for effective leadership?
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Study Notes
Leadership Defined
- Leadership is the ability to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute to organizational effectiveness.
Learning Objectives
- Leadership range and scope
- Managers versus leaders
- Transformational leadership
- Path-goal leadership
- Other leadership theories
- Attributes of effective leaders
Range of Leadership Model
- Exhibit 11-7, Full Range of Leadership Model
- Effective leadership is categorized through a spectrum
- Active & Passive leadership styles are categorized as Transformational & Transactional
- Leadership styles are ranked by efficacy
Transactional Leadership
- Laissez-faire leader: Abdicates responsibilities, avoids making decisions
- Management by exception (active): Watches for deviations from rules, intervenes only if standards aren't met
- Contingent on reward: Leaders motivate through control of rewards.
Managerial Leadership
- Definition: Daily activities that support and guide performance and well-being of employees to support current objectives
- Managerial leadership vs transformational leadership: Stable vs dynamic environments; micro-focused vs macro-focused
- Transformational and managerial leadership depend on each other
The Differences Between Managers and Leaders
- Managers are involved in daily tasks of maintaining and allocating resources.
- Leaders focus on long-term objectives and reforming systems
- Managers supervise; leaders inspire and drive change.
- Managers act within established organizational culture; leaders create a vision and meaning for the organization.
- Managers use transactional influence; leaders use transformational influence.
- Managers rely on control; leaders empower followers.
Transformational Leadership
- A leadership approach that explains how leaders change teams and organizations by creating, communicating, and modeling a vision.
- Leaders inspire employees to strive for that vision.
Transformational Leadership Model
- Four elements within the transformational leadership model: Build commitment to the vision, Develop/communicate a strategic vision, Encourage experimentation, Model the vision
Transformational Leadership Elements (1 of 2)
- Develop/Communicate the vision
- Use symbols, metaphors, symbols
- Idealize and Frame the vision
- Leaders communicate with humility, sincerity, purpose, and passion
Transformational Leadership Elements (2 of 2)
- Model the vision
- Enacting the vision (walking the talk)
- Leader functions: Legitimizes and demonstrates the vision
- Builds positive employee trust in the leader
- Encourage experimentation
- Encourage employees to question current practices
- Support a learning orientation
- Build commitment to the vision
- Emphasize commitment through rewards and recognition
Charismatic Leadership
- From the Greek for "gift"
- A certain quality of an individual personality, which sets them apart from ordinary people
- Treated with supernatural, superhuman, or exceptional powers or qualities
Transformational vs Charismatic Leadership
- Charisma is distinct from transformational leadership
- A personal trait; creates referent power over followers
- Transformational leadership is comprised of behaviours to engage followers
- Potential problems include dependent followers; focus on self-interest vs common good
Evaluating Transformational Leadership
- Transformational leadership is important due to: Higher satisfaction, commitment, performance, OCBs, decisions, and creativity.
- Limitations include circular logic – leaders inspire employees, leadership is effective because of inspired leaders
Authentic Leadership
- An offshoot of positive psychology and positive organizational scholarship.
- Authentic leaders know themselves well and behave in ways that align with their beliefs.
- Authentic leadership produces positive effects such as increased followers' commitment and performance. Followers are more likely to emulate ethical leaders
Authentic Leadership
- Know Yourself: Engage in self-reflection and seek feedback from trusted sources
- Be Yourself: Develop personal leadership style, apply values, maintain self-evaluation
Implicit Leadership Perspective
- Follower perceptions of effective leaders
- Leadership prototypes: Preconceived beliefs about the features and behaviors of effective leaders.
- Favourable evaluation for leaders who fit the prototype
- Romance of leadership effect: Organizational failures & success are easily explained through leader ability.
- Due to need for situational control
Attributes of Effective Leaders (1 of 4)
- Personality: Most Big Five dimensions predict effective leadership. Strongest are high extroversion and conscientiousness.
- Self-concept: Complex, internally consistent, clear self-view as a leader. Positive self-evaluation. Transformational and managerial leader self-view
Attributes of Effective Leaders (2 of 4)
- Leadership motivation: Motivated to lead others; strong need for socialized power
- Drive: High need for achievement; related to high conscientiousness and positive self-concept; inquisitiveness, action-oriented, boldness
Attributes of Effective Leaders (3 of 4)
- Integrity: Truthfulness and consistency of words and actions
- Judge dilemmas using sound values
- Related to honesty and ethical conduct
- Knowledge of the business: Tacit and explicit knowledge of the organization's environment
Attributes of Effective Leaders (4 of 4)
- Cognitive/Practical Intelligence: Above average cognitive ability; superior ability to analyze complex alternatives and opportunities; able to use business knowledge to solve real-world problems
- Emotional intelligence: Recognize/regulate emotions in themselves and others
Do We Really Need a Leader?
- Task-oriented leadership might be less important when performance-based reward keeps employees directed towards organizational goals.
- Employee skills are a task-oriented leadership approach.
Gender Issues in Leadership
- Male/female leaders have similar task- and people-oriented leadership
- Female leaders use more participative leadership
- Gender stereotypes and leader prototypes affect followers' evaluation of female leaders
- Women rated higher on emerging leadership styles
Women in Leadership
- Motivational video and inspirational speech by Indra Nooyi
- Startup stories
Path-Goal Leadership
- Leaders motivate through expectancies and valences
- Contingency theory of managerial leadership
- Best leadership style depends on the employee/situation
- Four main path goal leadership styles: Directive, Supportive, Participative, Achievement-oriented
Path-Goal Contingencies
- Skill and experience: Low; supportive, directive leadership
- Locus of control: Internal (participative and achievement); external (directive and supportive)
- Task structure: Nonroutine, directive and/or participative
- Team dynamics: Low cohesion (supportive); dysfunctional norms (directive); performance-oriented and achievement-oriented leadership
Path-Goal Leadership Model
- Leader behaviours: Directive, Supportive, Participative, achievement-oriented
- Employee contingencies
- Environmental contingencies
- Leader effectiveness: Employee motivation; employee satisfaction; acceptance of leader
Other Managerial Leadership Theories
- Situational Leadership Model: Leadership theory focusing on followers' readiness
- Four styles: Telling, selling, participating, delegating
- Best style depends on follower ability/motivation
Fiedler Contingency Model
- Effective group performance depends on matching the leader's style with followers and the degree of control the situation gives to the leader.
- Leader-member relations, Task structure, Position power
Servant Leadership
- Serving followers towards their need fulfillment, personal development, and growth
- Selfless, egalitarian, humble, nurturing, empathetic, and ethical coaches
- Servant leader characteristics include a natural calling to serve others, humble, egalitarian, and accepting relationship, and ethical decisions and actions.
Shared Leadership
- Leadership is a role, not a position
- Employees lead each other
- Shared leadership flourishes with formal leaders willing to delegate power
- Collaborative, not competitive, culture
- Employees develop effective influence skills
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Description
Explore the various theories and models of leadership, including transformational and transactional leadership styles. Understand the distinctions between managers and leaders and the attributes of effective leaders. This quiz will test your knowledge on key concepts and definitions in the field of leadership.
