Podcast
Questions and Answers
What classes of drugs are commonly used to treat hypertension? (Select all that apply)
What classes of drugs are commonly used to treat hypertension? (Select all that apply)
- Alpha adrenergic blockers (correct)
- Diuretics (correct)
- Angiotensin II receptor blockers (correct)
- Calcium channel blockers (correct)
- Beta-blockers (correct)
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (correct)
What is the primary mechanism of action for beta-blockers?
What is the primary mechanism of action for beta-blockers?
- Inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to decreased AII and decreased aldosterone
- Blocking of the beta-adrenergic receptors in the body, thereby decreasing heart rate and blood pressure (correct)
- Blocking of the alpha-adrenergic receptors in the body, thereby increasing heart rate and blood pressure
- Blocking the movement of calcium ions across the membranes of myocardial and arterial muscle cells, leading to a decrease in peripheral resistance
What is the general name for the common beta-blockers characterized by the '-olol' suffix?
What is the general name for the common beta-blockers characterized by the '-olol' suffix?
- The ‘sartans
- The ‘-dipines’
- The ‘-olol’s (correct)
- The ‘-prils
What is the prototype drug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors?
What is the prototype drug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors?
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) specifically bind to which receptors in the body?
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) specifically bind to which receptors in the body?
Name one calcium channel blocker that is considered the prototype.
Name one calcium channel blocker that is considered the prototype.
Calcium channel blockers are contraindicated in patients with heart block or sick sinus syndrome.
Calcium channel blockers are contraindicated in patients with heart block or sick sinus syndrome.
What are the main uses for organic nitrates?
What are the main uses for organic nitrates?
Nitroglycerin is given sublingually due to a significant first-pass hepatic effect.
Nitroglycerin is given sublingually due to a significant first-pass hepatic effect.
What is the most common effect of nitroglycerin?
What is the most common effect of nitroglycerin?
What drug is often used to treat hypotension in shock states not caused by hypovolemia?
What drug is often used to treat hypotension in shock states not caused by hypovolemia?
Dopamine administration can cause tissue necrosis if extravasation occurs.
Dopamine administration can cause tissue necrosis if extravasation occurs.
What are some common antiarrhythmic agents classified under Class 1?
What are some common antiarrhythmic agents classified under Class 1?
All antiarrhythmic agents are effective in restoring and maintaining normal cardiac rhythm.
All antiarrhythmic agents are effective in restoring and maintaining normal cardiac rhythm.
What is the primary effect of digoxin on cardiac function?
What is the primary effect of digoxin on cardiac function?
What is the therapeutic range for digoxin?
What is the therapeutic range for digoxin?
Digoxin administration should be done intramuscularly for optimal absorption.
Digoxin administration should be done intramuscularly for optimal absorption.
The main use of calcium channel blockers is for the treatment of:
The main use of calcium channel blockers is for the treatment of:
Vasodilators are contraindicated in pregnant women because they can cause serious adverse effects on the fetus.
Vasodilators are contraindicated in pregnant women because they can cause serious adverse effects on the fetus.
What is the primary way that ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure?
What is the primary way that ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure?
What are the three main drug classes commonly used to treat angina?
What are the three main drug classes commonly used to treat angina?
Antianginal drugs are considered effective if they relieve chest pain.
Antianginal drugs are considered effective if they relieve chest pain.
Dopamine is indicated for the treatment of:
Dopamine is indicated for the treatment of:
All anti-arrhythmic drugs are equally effective in treating arrhythmias.
All anti-arrhythmic drugs are equally effective in treating arrhythmias.
Anti-arrhythmic drugs can sometimes cause arrhythmias themselves.
Anti-arrhythmic drugs can sometimes cause arrhythmias themselves.
The goal of anti-arrhythmic therapy is to correct the irregular heartbeat back to a normal rhythm.
The goal of anti-arrhythmic therapy is to correct the irregular heartbeat back to a normal rhythm.
What are some side effects of dopamine? (Select all that apply)
What are some side effects of dopamine? (Select all that apply)
What are the three main drug classes used in congestive heart failure?
What are the three main drug classes used in congestive heart failure?
Cardiotonic drugs increase the level of calcium in the heart muscles, leading to increased contractility.
Cardiotonic drugs increase the level of calcium in the heart muscles, leading to increased contractility.
Cardiac glycosides are only available in oral preparations.
Cardiac glycosides are only available in oral preparations.
Name the two main cardiac glycosides.
Name the two main cardiac glycosides.
What is the most common side effect associated with the use of nitrates?
What is the most common side effect associated with the use of nitrates?
Flashcards
Beta-blockers (-olol)
Beta-blockers (-olol)
Drugs that block beta-adrenergic receptors, decreasing heart rate and blood pressure.
Beta-blocker types
Beta-blocker types
Beta-blockers can be selective (affecting only Beta-1 receptors) or non-selective (affecting Beta-1 and Beta-2 receptors).
Non-selective Beta Blockers
Non-selective Beta Blockers
Beta-blockers that block both Beta-1 and Beta-2 receptors.
ACE Inhibitors (-pril)
ACE Inhibitors (-pril)
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Angiotensin II
Angiotensin II
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Hypertension
Hypertension
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Beta-1 receptors
Beta-1 receptors
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Beta-2 receptors
Beta-2 receptors
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RAAS
RAAS
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Aldosterone
Aldosterone
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Cardiovascular drugs
Cardiovascular drugs
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Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction
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Arrhythmias
Arrhythmias
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