Le modèle keynésien :理解 les assomptions, l'équilibre des marchés et la politique économique

12 Questions

Quel est l'effet d'une augmentation des taux d'intérêt sur l'investissement selon le modèle keynésien?

Les entreprises sont moins susceptibles d'investir

Selon le modèle keynésien, quelle est la principale déterminante du revenu total dans une économie?

Les dépenses

Quel est le mécanisme clé qui explique comment une augmentation des dépenses peut entraîner une croissance économique dans le modèle keynésien?

Effet multiplicateur

Selon le modèle keynésien, quelle est la principale cause du chômage?

Insuffisance de la demande agrégée

Quel est l'état recherché dans le modèle keynésien pour les différents marchés?

Équilibre des dépenses et du revenu

Quel est le rôle du gouvernement dans le modèle keynésien?

Stabiliser l'économie par des dépenses publiques

Quel est le mécanisme qui détermine l'équilibre dans le modèle de revenu-dépense?

L'intersection de la courbe de demande globale et de la courbe d'offre globale

Quelle est la caractéristique de la courbe de demande globale?

Elle est descendante, car la demande globale baisse avec la hausse des prix

Quel est le déterminant de la demande de monnaie dans le modèle de Keynes?

Le taux d'intérêt et le niveau de revenu

Quel est l'équilibre atteint lorsque la demande de travail égale l'offre de travail?

L'équilibre sur le marché du travail

Quel est le rôle de la politique monétaire dans le modèle de Keynes?

Stabiliser l'économie

Quel est le principal apport du modèle de Keynes à l'économie?

La mise en avant du rôle de l'État dans la stabilisation de l'économie

Study Notes

The Keynesian model, named after economist John Maynard Keynes, is an economic approach that emphasizes the importance of government spending in stabilizing the economy. It emerged in the 1930s as a response to the Great Depression and has since been a major influence on macroeconomic policy. Here, we'll explore the Keynesian model's assumptions, equilibrium on various markets, monetary equilibrium, and labor market equilibrium.

Assumptions of the Keynesian Model

The Keynesian model is based on several key assumptions, which are:

Spending determines income: This means that total spending in an economy (consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports) determines the total income (GDP) in the economy.
Investment is sensitive to interest rates: When interest rates are high, businesses are less likely to invest, and when interest rates are low, businesses are more likely to invest.
Multiplier effect: An increase in spending leads to an increase in income, which in turn leads to further spending and income growth, creating a multiplier effect.
Unemployment is a result of insufficient demand: In the Keynesian model, unemployment is not due to structural issues or mismatches between workers and jobs but rather a result of insufficient aggregate demand in the economy.

Equilibrium on Different Markets

In the Keynesian model, equilibrium is achieved when the total spending in an economy matches total income. This is known as the income-expenditure model. The equilibrium is determined by the intersection of the aggregate demand (AD) curve and the aggregate supply (AS) curve.

Aggregate Demand (AD) Curve

The aggregate demand curve represents the total spending in the economy. It is downward sloping, meaning that as total spending (and hence total income) increases, the price level (inflation) rises.

Aggregate Supply (AS) Curve

The aggregate supply curve represents the total income in the economy. It is upward sloping, meaning that as the price level (inflation) rises, total income (GDP) increases.

Monetary Equilibrium

Monetary equilibrium in the Keynesian model is achieved when the total supply of money (M) matches the total demand for money (Md). The demand for money is determined by the interest rate and the level of income. The supply of money is determined by the central bank's monetary policy.

Labor Market Equilibrium

In the Keynesian model, labor market equilibrium is achieved when the total demand for labor matches the total supply of labor. This is determined by the wage rate and the level of income.

Conclusion

The Keynesian model offers a unique perspective on the economy, emphasizing the role of government spending and monetary policy in stabilizing the economy. Its assumptions about spending determining income, investment sensitivity to interest rates, and the multiplier effect have influenced economic policy for decades. By understanding the Keynesian model's equilibrium on various markets, monetary equilibrium, and labor market equilibrium, we can gain a deeper understanding of its philosophy and its implications for economic policy.