Astronomy Unit 1 Exam
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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the Earth is composed mostly of granite rock and has a density of 2.7 g/cm3?

  • Inner Core
  • Mantle
  • Crust (correct)
  • Outer Core

What is the name of the supercontinent proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1915?

  • Gondwana
  • Laurasia
  • Rodinia
  • Pangea (correct)

Which type of crust is denser and sinks underneath the less dense crust?

  • Oceanic (correct)
  • Mantle
  • Outer Core
  • Continental

What is the main factor that causes denser minerals to be pulled towards the Earth's core?

<p>Gravity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Africa's west coast and South America's east coast fit together like a jigsaw puzzle?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Fossils of reptiles and plants were found on multiple continents?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Glacial evidence was found on South America, Africa/Madagascar, India, Antarctica, and Australia?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tectonic plates are large areas of Earth’s ______ that are in motion relative to one another

<p>crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

Earthquakes are evidence that Earth is in constant ______

<p>motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

3 types of plate ______ Convergent = collide, Divergent = divide, Transform = slide past each other

<p>motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of rock is formed at mid-ocean ridges and records the Earth's magnetic orientation?

<p>Igneous rock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the symmetrical magnetic striping pattern in mid-ocean ridge crust indicate?

<p>The age of the rock (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many major eons are there?

<p>3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three major eons broken into?

<p>Early, Middle, and Late (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The planetesimal hypothesis suggests that Earth formed from smaller rocky bodies called planetesimals that collided and merged.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The giant impact theory suggests that Earth formed from the debris created by a massive collision between a Mars-sized object and the young Earth.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The nebular hypothesis suggests that Earth and the other terrestrial planets formed from solid particles in the planetary disk around the young Sun.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which celestial body is intermediate in size between planetesimals and fully-formed planets?

<p>Protoplanet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the dust and gas from a protoplanetary disk to come together?

<p>Gravitational attraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When can a protoplanet be considered a planet?

<p>When it becomes massive enough (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of formation involves the movement of tectonic plates and the effects of atmospheric movements and water?

<p>Surface Evolution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of formation does the bombardment of planetesimals continue and craters form?

<p>Cratering (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of formation involves the bursting of lava through the planet's crust and the smoothing of craters?

<p>Flooding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the word "differentiation" mean when we are discussing Earth's early formation?

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Alfred Wegener proposed his theory of continental drift in what year _______?

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While working as a meteorologist Alfred Wegener spent a lot of time in Antarctica near the South Pole.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Appalachian mountains in US and UK appear to have once been connected.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Harry Hess proposed the theory of seafloor spreading?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Seafloor spreading occurs at mid-ocean ridges?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Please give a brief summary in 5-10 sentences about the astronomer or astronomers that you created your project about. Please indicate the time period they were from and a few of their notable discoveries in Astronomy during your summary.

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Flashcards

What is the Earth's crust?

The outermost layer of Earth, composed primarily of granite rock with a density of 2.7 g/cm3.

What was the supercontinent proposed by Alfred Wegener?

The supercontinent proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1915, where all the continents were once joined together.

Which type of crust is denser?

The denser type of crust found beneath the oceans, which sinks under the less dense continental crust.

What causes minerals to move towards the core?

The force that pulls denser minerals towards the Earth's core, creating a layered structure.

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Do Africa's west coast and South America's east coast fit together?

True. The coastlines of Africa's west side and South America's east side fit together like puzzle pieces. This is evidence for continental drift.

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Were fossils found on multiple continents?

True. Fossils of similar reptiles and plants have been discovered on continents that are now far apart, suggesting they were once connected.

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Was glacial evidence found on different continents?

True. Glacial evidence has been found on several continents, now separated by oceans. This suggests they were once closer and part of a larger landmass.

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What are tectonic plates?

Large areas of Earth's crust that are constantly moving relative to one another.

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What is evidence that Earth is in constant motion?

Continuous movement of Earth's tectonic plates, causing earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountains.

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What are the three types of plate motion?

The three main types of plate motion: Convergent (colliding), Divergent (dividing), and Transform (sliding past each other).

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What is igneous rock, and where is it found?

Igneous rock is formed at mid-ocean ridges where magma cools and solidifies. It records the Earth's magnetic orientation at the time of formation.

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What does the magnetic striping pattern indicate?

The symmetrical magnetic striping pattern in mid-ocean ridge crust indicates seafloor spreading and the age of the rock.

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How many major eons are there?

There are three major eons: the Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic eons.

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How are the major eons divided?

The three major eons are divided into Early, Middle, and Late epochs, marking significant changes in Earth's history.

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Does the planetesimal hypothesis explain Earth's formation?

True. The planetesimal hypothesis suggests that Earth formed from small rocky bodies called planetesimals that collided and merged over time.

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Does the giant impact theory explain Earth's formation?

True. The giant impact theory suggests that a Mars-sized object collided with the young Earth, creating debris that coalesced to form our planet.

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Does the nebular hypothesis explain Earth's formation?

True. The nebular hypothesis suggests that Earth formed from solid particles in the disk of dust and gas surrounding the young Sun.

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What is a protoplanet?

A celestial object bigger than a planetesimal but not yet a fully formed planet, still in the process of growing and accreting material.

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What causes dust and gas in a protoplanetary disk to come together?

Gravitational attraction pulls dust and gas particles from the protoplanetary disk together, forming larger clumps.

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When is a protoplanet considered a planet?

When a protoplanet becomes massive enough due to accretion, it can be considered a planet, clearing its orbit of other debris.

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What is surface evolution?

Surface evolution is a stage of planet formation where tectonic plates move, and atmospheres and oceans form, shaping the planet's surface.

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What is the cratering stage?

The stage where the planet is bombarded by planetesimals, leading to the formation of craters.

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What is the flooding stage?

The stage where volcanoes erupt, lava flows, and craters are smoothed out, reshaping the planet's surface.

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What is differentiation in Earth's formation?

Differentiation in Earth's formation refers to the process of separating materials based on density, resulting in the formation of layers with different compositions.

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When did Alfred Wegener propose his theory of continental drift?

Alfred Wegener proposed his theory of continental drift in 1912.

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Did Alfred Wegener work in Antarctica?

Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist who proposed the theory of continental drift, primarily worked in Greenland, not Antarctica.

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Were the Appalachian Mountains connected?

True. The Appalachian Mountains in the US and UK seem to have once been part of the same mountain range, providing evidence for continental drift.

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Who proposed the theory of seafloor spreading?

True. Harry Hess proposed the theory of seafloor spreading, which explains the formation of new oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges.

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Where does seafloor spreading occur?

True. Seafloor spreading occurs at mid-ocean ridges where new oceanic crust is constantly generated.

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