Layers of the Atmosphere Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the temperature range reported in the troposphere?

  • From -60°F to 62°F (correct)
  • From -30°F to 30°F
  • From 0°F to 100°F
  • From 32°F to 212°F
  • Which layer of the atmosphere is located above the troposphere?

  • Thermosphere
  • Exosphere
  • Stratosphere (correct)
  • Mesosphere
  • What is one of the main components found in the troposphere?

  • Water vapor (correct)
  • Ozone
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Helium
  • What is the maximum extent of the troposphere above the Earth's surface?

    <p>10 miles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atmosphere layer may contain dust particles along with water vapor?

    <p>Troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological evidence supports the Continental Drift Theory concerning ancient climates?

    <p>Coal seams found in polar regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which geological period did the tropical swamp forests developed that later formed coal?

    <p>Carboniferous Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental concept explains the movement of continents over time?

    <p>Plate tectonics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ancient fossils support the Theory of Continental Drift?

    <p>They show similar species across distant continents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geological features are created by the movement of tectonic plates?

    <p>Volcanoes and earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ancient environment do coal-forming swamps require?

    <p>Warm tropical climates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the implications of the theory of plate tectonics confirmed in the 1960s?

    <p>Continental drift occurs over millions of years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evidence can indicate past glacial activity in regions that are now tropical or temperate?

    <p>Glacial grooves and deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is decompression melting?

    <p>The upward movement of Earth's mantle leading to a decrease in pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process describes the escape of magma from the Earth?

    <p>Intrusion and extrusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a magmatic dike?

    <p>A large slab of magmatic material that has intruded into another rock body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a xenolith?

    <p>A piece of rock trapped in another type of rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods can lead to magma formation?

    <p>Decompression and flux melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the reduction in pressure play in decompression melting?

    <p>It allows for the mantle to melt and form magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major ways magma can escape the Earth's mantle?

    <p>As an intrusion or an extrusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes flux melting?

    <p>Melting facilitated by the introduction of volatiles like water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature in the exosphere?

    <p>1800°F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily composes the lithosphere?

    <p>Solid materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is most commonly associated with the lithosphere?

    <p>Tectonic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of the crust?

    <p>Temperature varies with depth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How far does the exosphere extend above the Earth's surface?

    <p>620 miles (1000 km)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of crust are included in the Earth's crust?

    <p>Oceanic crust and continental crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gases are found in the exosphere?

    <p>Helium and hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the interaction of huge slabs of lithosphere?

    <p>Tectonic plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes oceanic crust from continental crust?

    <p>Oceanic crust has more mass per unit volume than continental crust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geological processes are known to originate in the mantle?

    <p>Volcanism and seismic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature range of the mantle near its boundary with the core?

    <p>3700°C to 4000°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is primarily responsible for the formation of mountains?

    <p>Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element of density differentiates oceanic plates from continental plates?

    <p>Oceanic plates are denser than continental plates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the mantle is directly beneath the crust?

    <p>Upper mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature is observed near the boundary of the mantle with the crust?

    <p>Around 1000°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process of mountain formation originating in the mantle?

    <p>Orogeny</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Decompression Melting

    • Involves the upward movement of Earth's solid mantle.
    • Occurs when there is a reduction in overlying pressure, allowing the mantle to melt and form magma.

    Magma Escape Routes

    • Magma escapes the upper mantle and crust through intrusions or extrusions.
    • Intrusions (plutons) include features like dikes and xenoliths.
    • Extrusions refer to lava and volcanic rock that reach the surface.

    Magmatic Dikes

    • Large slabs of magmatic material that intrude into other rock bodies.
    • Notable examples: Baranof Cross-Island Trail in Alaska and Maghtesh Ramon in Israel.

    Xenolith

    • A piece of rock that is trapped within another type of rock, often found in igneous formations.

    Evidence of Continental Drift Theory

    • Ancient fossils and similar species found in rocks of the same age across separated continents suggest historical connections.
    • Glacial grooves and rock deposits indicate past icy climates in regions now located near the equator.
    • Coral reefs and coal deposits from warm, tropical conditions found in much colder current locations.

    Theory of Plate Tectonics

    • Established in the 1960s, it explains the movement of Earth's tectonic plates.
    • Plates are responsible for the formation of volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain ranges through their interactions.

    Layers of the Atmosphere

    Troposphere

    • Extends 5-10 miles (8-15 km) above the Earth's surface.
    • Temperature ranges from 62°F (17°C) to -60°F (-51°C).
    • Contains atmospheric water vapor and dust.

    Exosphere

    • Extends to 620 miles (1000 km) above the surface.
    • Extremely high temperatures reaching 1800°F (980°C).
    • Composed mainly of helium and hydrogen.

    Layers of the Earth

    Lithosphere

    • The coolest and most rigid layer, composed of all solid materials.
    • Features significant tectonic activity due to interaction of tectonic plates.

    Crust

    • Composed of oceanic and continental plates.
    • Oceanic crust is denser compared to continental crust.

    Mantle

    • Temperature ranges from 1000°C (1832°F) near the crust to 3700°C (6692°F) near the core.
    • Includes upper mantle, asthenosphere, and lower mantle.
    • Geological activities such as volcanism, seismic events, and mountain formation occur here.

    Tectonic Plates

    • Major tectonic plates include the Pacific Plate, Eurasian Plate, North American Plate, South American Plate, African Plate, Antarctic Plate, and Indo-Australian Plate.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about the different layers of the atmosphere, including the mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. This quiz will help you understand the characteristics and significance of each layer in our atmosphere.

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