Laws of Diplomacy and Sovereignty

The process by which the status of embassies and ambassadors as official state representatives are explicitly defined. It's when countries acknowledge each other's representatives.

A privilege under which diplomats' activities fall outside the jurisdiction of the host country's national courts. They are protected from the host country's laws.

A package sent between an embassy and its home country. It has the home country's territoriality and can't be opened by the host country.

A diplomatic setup where a third country represents the interests of another country that doesn't have diplomatic relations with the host country.

A category in international law and political theory that defines when wars can be justly started (jus ad bellum) and how they can be justly fought (jus in bello).

It refers to a state's use of force or a threat against another state's territory or sovereignty, unless in response to aggression. It's a violation of a state's sovereignty and territorial integrity.

The rights of all people to be free from abuses such as torture or imprisonment for their political beliefs (political and civil rights) and to enjoy certain minimum economic and social protections (economic and social rights).

Include free speech, freedom of religion, equal protection under the law, and freedom from arbitrary imprisonment. They are protected by limiting government power.

Include good living conditions, food, health care, social security, and education. They are often promoted by expanding government roles.

The core UN document on human rights; although it lacks the force of international law, it sets forth international norms regarding behavior by governments toward their own citizens and foreigners alike.

A treaty signed by states to further define civil-political rights protections, like freedom of expression and assembly.

A treaty signed by states to further define economic-social rights protections, like access to education and healthcare.

This treaty bans discrimination based on race, ethnicity, religion, or national origin.

This treaty aims to eliminate discrimination against women in all aspects of life.

This treaty prohibits dehumanizing, degrading, and inhumane treatment of individuals even during war.

This treaty focuses on promoting children's health, education, and well-being. It's signed by every country except the United States.

This treaty aims to protect the political, labor, and social rights of nearly 100 million migrant workers worldwide.

This treaty promotes dignity, legal equality, and reasonable accommodation for disabled persons in signatory states.

This treaty protects individuals from forced disappearance, defined as the secret detention of a person without acknowledgement.

A principle adopted by world leaders in 2005 holding governments responsible for protecting civilians from genocide and crimes against humanity within their territories.

Violations of the law governing the conduct of warfare, such as mistreatment of prisoners of war or the unnecessary targeting of civilians.

A category of offenses encompassing genocide and other acts committed by political and military leaders, targeting civilians on a large scale.

A permanent tribunal for war crimes and crimes against humanity, with universal jurisdiction to prosecute individuals from any state.

An influential non-governmental organization (NGO) that operates globally to monitor and try to rectify glaring abuses of political human rights.

A nongovernmental organization that provides practical support, such as medical care, food, and letters from home to civilians caught in wars and to prisoners of war (POWs). Exchanges of POWs are usually negotiated through the ICRC.

Soldiers who have surrendered and who thereby receive special status under the laws of war. They are protected from being targeted and mistreated.

To limit warfare to combatants and protect civilians. Targeting civilians is illegal, but targeting military forces is permissible, as long as the force used is proportional and necessary.

The blurring of lines between civilians and combatants in irregular and asymmetric wars fought by guerrillas and death squads, making it difficult to distinguish between lawful targets and civilians.

It's a principle that allows ships of any nation to travel through international waters without interference from other states, making long-distance trade safer and more profitable.

The U.S. played a significant role in shaping the world order, often acting as a 'world police force' and enforcing international law through its military power and diplomatic influence.