Law of Persons and Slavery

Under Roman law, a woman's tutor could be changed through a process called coemption, where she would be mancipated to another person and then manumitted.

The institution of manus in Roman law was abolished by Emperor Justinian.

Roman law prohibited marriage between a man and his brother's daughter, regardless of the degree of kinship.

Mancipation, the process of transferring ownership of a person or object, was a common method for acquiring slaves in Roman law.

Roman law allowed slaves to establish legal relationships, such as marriage and parental power, as free individuals.

According to Roman law, the power of a father over his children, known as patria potestas, extended to the control of their property and even their lives.

Roman law defined marriage as a legally binding union between a man and a woman, requiring the agreement of both individuals and their families.

A Roman man could marry his mother-in-law if his marriage to her daughter had ended.

Forbidden relationships within the Roman family, such as between parents and children, could be nullified by a legal process called mancipio.

Roman law permitted a man to marry his stepdaughter, based on the principle of affinity.

Manus marriage can be contracted through confarreation, coemption, or usu.

Marriages in Ancient Rome could only be dissolved through mutual consent.

Concubinage in Roman society was recognized as a permanent and legal status.

If a husband was unaccounted for five years, his wife had the right to remarry.

Under Justinian's laws, captivity had a clearly defined effect on marriages.

A tutor can allow a ward to incur liability without the tutor's authority.

Under Justinian's time, a tutor had the option to decline their responsibilities.

The powers of a tutor were more restricted under the Empire due to legal reforms.

Guardians are permitted to act without any oversight in managing the ward's property.

A tutor is not required to make an inventory of a pupil's estate.

Any person other than the ward can seek the removal of a tutor for misconduct.

The general remedy for a tutor's dereliction of duty is called actio tutelae.

Precautionary measures are unnecessary for protecting wards against tutor misconduct.

Women in ancient law were allowed to manage their own property without any endorsement.

Curators administer property but do not control the personal affairs of individuals.

The constitution of Honorius and Theodosius granted all women the jus liberorum regardless of their qualifications.

Minors under the age of 25 had no rights to plead in legal actions.

Women could change their tutors arbitrarily without following any specific process.

The term of full age for men was set at 30 years in the Empire.

Minors with permanent curators had no liabilities or rights similar to those of pupils.

Women needed imperial favor to gain the jus liberorum legal status.

Tutelage grants the right and power to protect an independent person who cannot defend themselves due to their young age.

Parents are prohibited from appointing tutors by will for their children who have not yet reached puberty.

Posthumous children are not required to be included in a will's appointment of tutors.

Agnates are individuals related through females.

A person appointed as a tutor must be over the age of 25 to serve in that capacity immediately.

If no tutor is appointed by will, the Law of the Twelve Tables determines agnates as statutory tutors.

Cognates are connected by a natural tie of relationship and can include female relatives.

Fiduciary tutelage occurs when a parent is alive and has male children who become tutors for their siblings.

Legitimated children always follow the mother's status at the time of birth.

Adrogation allowed the adoption of a sui juris, leading to a change in blood relation and status.

Adrogation of minors was initially prohibited but was later allowed under strict conditions.

Adrogatus could be emancipated at any time without cause.

Lex Minicia determined the status of children based solely on the father's citizenship.

Legitimation by oblationem curiae was one of the methods of legitimation recognized in ancient Roman law.

Adoption involved two kinds: adrogatio for free men and adoptio for slaves.

If the adrogator died before the adrogatus, the adrogatus would not receive any part of the adrogator's estate.