Law of Armed Conflict Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are the two classifications of personnel who may carry weapons for self-defense during wartime?

Religious personnel and medical personnel

What is a Prisoner of War (POW)?

A lawful combatant or person recognized under the Geneva Conventions who has fallen into the enemy's hands

A warship must be marked with its nationality.

True

What does the term 'prohibited' refer to in the context of armed conflict?

<p>Combat actions or weapon types that are completely disallowed under the Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are classified as non-combatants?

<p>Non-resisting civilians, hors de combat combatants, armed forces members with special status, and civilians accompanying armed forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Combatant = A person who engages in hostile acts during armed conflict Merchant Vessel = Any vessel operating commercially or privately Demilitarised Zone = An area from which all combatants and military equipment have been evacuated Rules of Engagement = Directives spelling out circumstances for combat engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of rules of engagement (ROE)?

<p>To spell out the circumstances and limitations for combat engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mercenaries are considered lawful combatants under international law.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Religious Personnel

  • Religious personnel exclusively engaged in religious ministry are allowed to carry weapons for self-defense

Religious Objects

  • All objects or articles of religious nature are protected

Prisoner of War (POW)

  • A POW is any lawful combatant or person (such as medical personnel) recognized under the Geneva Conventions
  • Combatants who surrender are entitled to POW status

Warship

  • A warship belongs to a state's armed forces and is marked with the state's nationality
  • Warships are commanded by a commissioned officer and the crew is enlisted under regular armed forces discipline

Prohibited

  • Any combat actions or weapon types that are completely disallowed under the Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC)

Restricted

  • Combat actions and weapon types that can be used under specific predefined situations
  • According to the text, all combat actions and weapons are at minimum restricted due to the four basic principles of LOAC

Non-Combatants

  • Non-combatants include a diverse group of people
  • Examples include: non-resisting civilians, combatants who are hors de combat (prisoners of war, wounded, sick, shipwrecked), armed forces members with special status (chaplains, medical personnel), and civilians accompanying the armed forces

Medical Personnel

  • Medical personnel are members of the armed forces exclusively assigned to all medical care/activities
  • Medical personnel may carry weapons for self-defense and to protect those under their care from marauders or other unlawful attack

Medical Establishments

  • Hospitals and medical depots

Medical Transport

  • Transport for medical search, rescue, and evacuation by land, sea, and air

Medical Material

  • Equipment and resources used for providing medical care and services

Merchant Vessel

  • Any vessel besides a warship, auxiliary vessel, or government vessel (like customs or police vessels) that is operating commercially or privately

Combatant Definition

  • A combatant engages in hostile acts during an armed conflict on behalf of a party to the conflict
  • A lawful combatant is authorized by the competent authority of the party

Civilian "Combatants"

  • Inhabitants of a non-occupied territory who, when the enemy approaches, spontaneously and en masse, take up arms to expel the enemy from their territory
  • Also known as a "levée en masse"
  • A levée en masse doesn't necessarily need an organization, command structure, or a distinctive sign, but members must carry arms openly and be compliant with the rules of armed conflict

Mercenaries

  • Individuals who participate in armed conflicts solely for financial compensation
  • Mercenaries are considered criminals under international law, with an exception for members of the French Foreign Legion
  • Members of the French Foreign Legion are commissioned to serve France and may not be treated like other mercenaries
  • If captured, mercenaries may be tried and punished in accordance with the Geneva Conventions, for participating in hostilities when not entitled to do so

Non-Defended Areas and Localities

  • Any area or location left open by declaration for enemy occupation without the need for military action
  • If a town, city, or other location has been declared "non-defended," it would mean that that locality is open for own forces and the enemy alike, but that no hostile use may be made of that locality

Demilitarised Zone

  • An area from which all combatants, mobile weapons, and military equipment have been evacuated
  • No hostile use is made of the remaining fixed military installations and no hostile acts may be committed by the authorities or civilian population
  • All activity linked to the military effort has ceased in this zone/area

Rules of Engagement

  • Directives (rules) spelling out the circumstances and limitations under which a military force will initiate and/or continue combat engagement with other forces encountered
  • Rules of Engagement (ROE) are drafted for internal and/or peacetime use (standing ROE), as well as for specific operations
  • Drafted by the senior commander(s) of an operation/task force with the aid of legal advisors

War Booty

  • Captured enemy military objects, excluding personnel ID cards and insignia, medical and religious objects, as well as objects necessary for the survival of the captured population.

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Description

This quiz covers key principles and definitions related to the Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC), including the roles of religious personnel, protections for religious objects, and the status of prisoners of war. Test your knowledge on what actions and weapons are prohibited or restricted under international law.

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