Law Final Review - Unit 1: Legal Heritage

Rules outlining criminal acts and offenses against society, protecting the public from harm.

Deals with the structure of the federal government and defines the division of power between different government levels.

Defines the relationships between citizens and government agencies in the context of regulations enforced by those agencies.

Focuses on how legal proceedings are conducted, including the methods used by courts to hear cases.

A legal system where previous court rulings (precedents) heavily influence the decisions made in current cases.

Deals with matters that are specifically related to families, like custody disputes or divorce.

A type of law that focuses on offenses against the state, aiming to punish individuals for breaking the law.

A type of law that focuses on relationships and disputes between individuals.

Laws and rules are designed to ensure safety by considering factors such as maturity, brain development, and decision-making abilities.

Laws and rules govern how individuals behave in society, promoting order and preventing chaos.

Laws and rules are generally based on what is considered reasonable and fair within a particular context.

Laws and rules establish ownership rights over property and regulate behavior related to property.

Laws and rules are designed to create a more orderly and efficient society by establishing clear guidelines for behavior and consequences for violations.

Laws and rules ultimately aim to improve the overall quality of life for individuals and society.

Laws are universal, applying to all members of society at all times. They are created by different levels of government and enforced with penalties for violations.

Rules are specific to a particular activity or group and apply only to participants. They are often self-enforced within the context of that activity.

An agreement between two or more people to commit a crime, such as murder, fraud, kidnapping, or treason.

Classical Criminology viewed criminal behavior as a result of rational choices made by individuals driven by self-interest and pleasure.

Positivist criminology rejected classical criminology's view and attributed crime to biological or psychological factors that were beyond the individual's control.

Positivist criminology believed that criminal behavior was a result of individual differences, like physical or mental characteristics.

Cesare Lombroso was a key figure in positivist criminology, known for his theory of the 'born criminal' which suggested that certain physical characteristics made individuals predisposed to criminal behavior.

Social Structure Theories argue that social factors like poverty, inequality, and lack of opportunity contribute to crime.

Individual Theories focus on individual traits and choices, such as personality disorders, weak self-control, or rational choices.

Evidence refers to information used in legal proceedings to establish facts and support claims. Privileged communications are a type of evidence that is considered inadmissible in court.

A series of trials conducted after World War II to prosecute Nazi leaders for war crimes.

The principle that following orders is not a valid defense for committing war crimes.

A document signed by the United Nations General Assembly that outlines fundamental human rights for all individuals.

An international treaty signed by the UN General Assembly that protects the rights of children and promotes their well-being.

An international treaty created to protect the cultural, social, and economic rights of indigenous people globally.

A document outlining the legal rights and freedoms of Canadian citizens, part of the Constitution Act of 1982.

A claim or entitlement possessed by a person that is protected by law.

Rights based on principles of morality and involve entitlements that people are morally bound to respect.

Rights that are inherent to all human beings simply because they are human.

Rights based on legal principles and involve entitlements granted by a legal system.

Responsibilities that come with having rights and privileges.

The freedom to do something without being legally prevented from doing so.

The right to express one's thoughts, beliefs, and opinions without fear of censorship or punishment.

The right to assemble peacefully and protest peacefully against government policies or actions.

The right to practice one's religion or belief freely and without interference.

Your personal beliefs about what is right or wrong in terms of how society should function.

The set of principles that govern our behavior, often based on a shared understanding of what is right and wrong.

The choices we make based on our morals and ethical principles.

A person's individual background and experiences influence their moral reasoning.

A legal practice that allows individuals with terminal illnesses to end their lives with medical assistance.

A concern that MAID devalues human life by making it a convenient solution for suffering.

A concern that MAID changes the role of healthcare professionals and raises ethical questions about their involvement.

A concern that MAID might lead to irreversible decisions based on potential misdiagnosis or changing circumstances.

A concern that MAID goes against historical perspectives on suicide, which have traditionally been condemned as a crime.

A concern that MAID may impede medical research by shifting focus from research on cures to end-of-life solutions.

A concern that individuals who are mentally ill or unable to communicate might not be able to provide valid consent for MAID.

A concern that the broad definition of eligibility for MAID could lead to inconsistent applications.

A concern that allowing MAID may lead to an expansion of the legislation beyond its intended scope.

A concern that financial constraints may lead to preferential treatment of MAID over alternative forms of care.

A historical document that established limits on the power of the English monarchy.

The rule of law establishes that everyone is equal before the law, regardless of their status or position.

A legal principle that requires that individuals must be informed of the reason for their detention.

This test is used to determine whether a law restricting a Charter right is justified. The law must deal with a pressing and substantial social issue, the government's response must be reasonable and demonstrably justified, and the law must minimally impair the infringed right.

A court can eliminate an entire law that violates the Charter, making it null and void.

Instead of striking down the entire law, only the portion of it that violates the Charter is invalidated.

Courts interpret legislation narrowly to align it with the Charter, making it consistent with the protected rights.

The court expands a law's scope by including specific categories of individuals to ensure fairness.

The entire law is deemed valid, but certain individuals are exempted from complying with it. This is a very rare outcome.

This temporary measure allows a law to remain in effect despite violating the Charter, while giving Parliament time to rewrite the law.

The Charter protects individual rights but can be limited if those restrictions are reasonable and demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.

Section 2 of the Charter guarantees fundamental freedoms, including freedom of conscience, religion, thought, belief, opinion, expression, peaceful assembly, and association.

Rights related to governance and democratic participation, such as the right to vote in municipal, provincial, or federal elections.

Provides safety guarantees for legal matters, encompassing the right to life, liberty, and security of the person.

Covers legal rights related to interactions with law enforcement, encompassing issues like search and seizure and expectation of fair treatment by authorities.

Guarantees equality before and under the law and equal protection and benefit of the law without discrimination based on personal characteristics.

This refers to the power of the majority to impose their will on the minority, potentially undermining the rights of those in smaller groups. It challenges the potential for democracy to become tyrannical.

Occurs when individuals or groups are treated unfairly or negatively based on their perceived difference from the majority.