Citizen Encounters Definition 7/16/2024
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Questions and Answers

Match the following legal concepts with their definitions:

Probable cause = Facts and circumstances sufficient in themselves to cause a reasonable officer to believe an offense has been or is being committed. Reasonable suspicion = Suspicion based upon objective facts and circumstances that a person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a violation of the criminal law or ordinances. Physical or mental impairment = Includes, but is not limited to, such contagious and non-contagious diseases and conditions as orthopedic, visual, speech and hearing impairments, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, mental retardation, emotional illness, specific learning disabilities, HIV disease, tuberculosis, drug addiction, and alcoholism. Regarded as having an impairment = Has a physical or mental impairment that does not substantially limit major life activities but that is treated by a public entity as constituting such a limitation.

Match the following phrases with their descriptions:

Contagious diseases = Include tuberculosis and HIV disease. Non-contagious diseases = Include cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and muscular dystrophy. Orthopedic impairments = Include speech and hearing impairments. Emotional illness = Exclude mental retardation and specific learning disabilities.

Match the following conditions with their classification:

Homosexuality or bisexuality = Not considered as physical or mental impairment. Drug addiction = Considered as physical or mental impairment. Epilepsy = Considered as physical or mental impairment. Alcoholism = Not considered as physical or mental impairment.

Match the following phrases with their meanings:

<p>Substantially limits major life activities = Limits a person's ability to perform daily tasks or functions. Has none of the impairments = Does not have any of the physical or mental impairments defined. Is treated by a public entity as constituting such a limitation = Is considered by a public entity to have a physical or mental impairment. Has a physical or mental impairment = Includes, but is not limited to, such contagious and non-contagious diseases and conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phrases with their relationships:

<p>Probable cause and reasonable suspicion = Both are legal concepts related to criminal law and ordinances. Physical or mental impairment and regarded as having an impairment = Both are concepts related to disability law. Contagious and non-contagious diseases = Both are types of physical or mental impairments. Epilepsy and muscular dystrophy = Both are examples of physical or mental impairments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phrases with their examples:

<p>Major life activities = Include daily tasks or functions such as walking, reading, and eating. Public entity = Include government agencies, schools, and law enforcement agencies. Criminal law or ordinances = Include laws related to drug addiction, murder, and theft. Objective facts and circumstances = Include evidence, observations, and witness statements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>BIASED POLICING = The identification of a person or group of people by gender, age, race, and/or other characteristics, in a major criminal investigation. DISABILITY = A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of an individual. CRIMINAL PROFILING = The inappropriate consideration of specified characteristics while enforcing the law or providing police services. IMPAIRMENT = Any mental or psychological disorder such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>BIASED POLICING = The identification of a person or group of people by gender, age, race, and/or other characteristics, in a major criminal investigation. DISABILITY = Any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one or more of the body systems. CRIMINAL PROFILING = The inappropriate consideration of specified characteristics while enforcing the law or providing police services. IMPAIRMENT = A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of an individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>BIASED POLICING = The inappropriate consideration of specified characteristics while enforcing the law or providing police services. DISABILITY = Any mental or psychological disorder such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. CRIMINAL PROFILING = A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of an individual. IMPAIRMENT = Any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one or more of the body systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>BIASED POLICING = Any mental or psychological disorder such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. DISABILITY = The inappropriate consideration of specified characteristics while enforcing the law or providing police services. CRIMINAL PROFILING = The identification of a person or group of people by gender, age, race, and/or other characteristics, in a major criminal investigation. IMPAIRMENT = Any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one or more of the body systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>BIASED POLICING = A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of an individual. DISABILITY = The inappropriate consideration of specified characteristics while enforcing the law or providing police services. CRIMINAL PROFILING = Any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one or more of the body systems. IMPAIRMENT = The identification of a person or group of people by gender, age, race, and/or other characteristics, in a major criminal investigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>BIASED POLICING = Any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one or more of the body systems. DISABILITY = Any mental or psychological disorder such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. CRIMINAL PROFILING = A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of an individual. IMPAIRMENT = The inappropriate consideration of specified characteristics while enforcing the law or providing police services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>BIASED POLICING = The identification of a person or group of people by gender, age, race, and/or other characteristics, in a major criminal investigation. DISABILITY = The inappropriate consideration of specified characteristics while enforcing the law or providing police services. CRIMINAL PROFILING = Any mental or psychological disorder such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. IMPAIRMENT = A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of an individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>BIASED POLICING = A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of an individual. DISABILITY = Any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one or more of the body systems. CRIMINAL PROFILING = The inappropriate consideration of specified characteristics while enforcing the law or providing police services. IMPAIRMENT = The identification of a person or group of people by gender, age, race, and/or other characteristics, in a major criminal investigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Law Enforcement Definitions

Biased Policing

  • Refers to the inappropriate consideration of specified characteristics while enforcing the law or providing police services
  • Specified characteristics include race, ethnic background, national origin, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, socioeconomic status, age, disability, political status, and other legally protected characteristics

Disability

  • Refers to a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities of an individual
  • Includes having a record of such an impairment or being regarded as having such an impairment
  • Physical or mental impairment can include:
    • Physiological disorders or conditions
    • Cosmetic disfigurement
    • Anatomical loss affecting various body systems
    • Mental or psychological disorders
    • Contagious and non-contagious diseases and conditions

Criminal Profiling

  • The identification of a person or group of people based on characteristics to identify a particular type of perpetrator
  • Characteristics can include gender, age, race, and others
  • Profile is based on scrutiny of facts or factors common to specific or general criminal activity
  • Profile is developed using current and historical law enforcement investigative knowledge and experience

Impairment

  • Physical or mental impairment includes various conditions and diseases
  • Does not include homosexuality or bisexuality
  • Being regarded as having an impairment means:
    • Having an impairment that is not substantially limiting but is treated as such
    • Having an impairment that is substantially limiting only due to others' attitudes
    • Having no impairment but being treated as if having one

Probable Cause

  • Facts and circumstances sufficient to cause a reasonable officer to believe an offense has been or is being committed

Reasonable Suspicion

  • Suspicion based on objective facts and circumstances that a person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a violation of the criminal law or ordinances

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Learn key terms related to law enforcement, including biased policing and disability definitions. Understand the concepts and characteristics associated with each term.

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