Law and Politics in Australia

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of maintaining financial records during a trip?

To forecast future travel expenses

To track entertainment expenses for satisfaction

To ensure adherence to accommodation booking policies

For tax purposes and decision-making (correct)

Which of the following should be included in the planned itinerary for a trip?

Preferred travel companions

General location information

Estimated expenses for each item (correct)

Personal entertainment preferences

What is one crucial aspect to address in the paperwork and documentation part of trip planning?

Currency conversion and payment methods (correct)

List of travel companions

Entertainment options at the destination

Social media updates during the trip

What contingency plan should be discussed in travel planning?

Steps to handle lost luggage or flight delays Signup and view all the answers

When packing for a trip, which factor should be prioritized regarding clothing?

Weather expectations and cultural norms Signup and view all the answers

What standard of proof is required in criminal law?

Beyond reasonable doubt Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would result in an injection into the economic flow?

Government spending Signup and view all the answers

In a boom phase of the business cycle, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Increased production Signup and view all the answers

How does a price increase generally affect demand?

Demand decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is a sole trader's primary characteristic?

Individual ownership and liability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a key disadvantage of entrepreneurship?

Financial responsibility Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial for effective planning for business success?

Researching location and demographics Signup and view all the answers

Which type of business organization is characterized by limited liability for its owners?

Private company Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary reasons for establishing laws in society?

To set boundaries for acceptable behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following courts handles serious criminal cases like murder?

Supreme Court Signup and view all the answers

What role does the prosecutor play in court proceedings?

Represents the plaintiff or government Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the High Court in Australia?

Interprets the Constitution and serves as the highest level of appeal Signup and view all the answers

What requirements must jurors meet in New South Wales?

Over 18 years old and registered voters without a criminal record Signup and view all the answers

Which type of law includes administrative and constitutional laws?

Public Law Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT describe a stage in how a bill becomes a law?

Private voting Signup and view all the answers

Common law can be overridden by which of the following?

Statute law Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Law Society and Political Involvement

Laws establish acceptable behavior in society.
Laws protect individuals from harm.
Laws preserve individual freedoms (within limits).
Laws resolve conflicts peacefully and fairly.
Laws often reflect societal values, morals, and ethics, which vary by culture.

Australia's Court System

Local Court: Handles minor civil disputes, bail applications, and cases up to $100,000; no jury.
District Court: Deals with serious criminal and civil cases between $100,000 and $750,000, utilizes juries, and handles appeals from the Local Court.
Supreme Court: Handles serious criminal cases (like murder and treason), civil cases over $750,000, and appeals from the District Court.
High Court: The highest court, composed of 7 judges, interprets the Constitution, and has significant impact on parliamentary powers.
Specialty Courts: Handle specific areas, including Children's, Coroner's, Family, and Drug Courts.

Role of Court Personnel

Defence Counsel: Represents the accused.
Prosecutor: Represents the plaintiff or government.
Plaintiff: The individual or entity initiating the case.
Sheriff's Officer: Maintains order and serves court notices.
Tipstaff: Assists the judge with paperwork.
Judge's Associate: Manages the judge's paperwork.
Public and Media: Observe proceedings and report news.

Role and Selection of Juries

Jurors must be 18 or older, without a criminal record, and registered voters (in NSW).
Juries impartially assess evidence.

How Laws Are Made

Common Law: Judicially created laws that apply to everyone, though statute law can override it.

Statute Law

Enacted by parliament, applying nationwide (federal) or regionally (state).

How a Bill Becomes a Law

Drafting, readings, debates, committee stage, passage through both houses, and royal assent.

Types of Law

Public Law: Administrative, constitutional, criminal, and industrial laws, protecting society and government functions.
Private Law: Contract, family, property, and tort laws, protecting individual rights and matters.

Civil and Criminal Law

Civil Law: Protects individual rights through tort law; resolved via "balance of probabilities."
Criminal Law: Addresses societal offenses; resolved via "beyond reasonable doubt."

Economic and Business Environment

Five-Sector Circular Flow Model: Exchange of labor for income, goods & services; leakages (savings, taxation, imports) reduce flow, while injections (investment, gov't spending, exports) increase flow.
Business Cycle: Boom (high production, low unemployment, higher prices); bust (low production, high unemployment, lower prices).
Government Policy: Fiscal and monetary policy tools (interest rates, budgets) designed to stabilize the economy.
Price Mechanism: Price changes influence market demand (inversely) and supply (directly).
Markets: Facilitates trade, determines prices, and addresses scarce resources.
Government Intervention: Regulates markets, ensures economic stability, and supports social policies.
Business Types: Online, on-demand, global, government, non-profits.
Business Decisions: Influenced by technology, globalization, economic cycles, and costs.
Ethics & Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Societal and environmental accountability guides business decisions.
Entrepreneurship: Pros (autonomy, profit, tax benefits), cons (risk, stress, financial responsibility). Cost benefit analysis helps evaluate different options.
Business Planning: Research is key, including location, demographics, competition, and target market. Org structures include sole traders, partnerships, companies.
Starting/Buying a business: New vs. existing. Factors like risk and upfront costs are key considerations.

Financial Records

Balance Sheet: Assets = Liabilities + Equity.
Profit and Loss: Revenue - Expenses.
Cash Flow: Tracks cash inflows and outflows.
Tax and Risk Management: Maintain financial records, respond to economic changes, and manage processes.

Itinerary

Detailed daily transport, meals, activities, and lodging plans to include costs. Organize by specific time.

Budget

Categorize expenses (transport, accommodation, meals, insurance). Create a detailed calculation of costs.

Paperwork and Documentation

Detailed purpose of the trip, planned activities, and main location.
Prepare passports, visas, insurance, vaccinations, and currency conversion information.

Contingency Plans

Account for potential issues like flight delays, lost luggage.
Outline steps to handle these situations, including cultural and safety considerations for the destination.

Packing List

Create a list of clothing and travel materials based on weather and cultural norms. Include travel-sized essentials and documentation.

Experience Diary Slideshow

Develop slideshow for memorable moments with relevant photos/images. Include daily organization and captioning.

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Description

This quiz explores the significance of laws in shaping societal behavior and values, as well as their role in protecting individuals' rights. Additionally, it covers the structure of Australia's court system, detailing the functions and jurisdictions of different courts. Test your understanding of these essential legal concepts and frameworks.