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Questions and Answers
Who challenged the geocentric model of the universe?
Who challenged the geocentric model of the universe?
According to the Church, what was considered heresy?
According to the Church, what was considered heresy?
What did Brahe attempt to do?
What did Brahe attempt to do?
What did Galileo observe with his improved telescope?
What did Galileo observe with his improved telescope?
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What was Galileo's greatest impact in?
What was Galileo's greatest impact in?
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What was the response of the Church to Galileo's findings?
What was the response of the Church to Galileo's findings?
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What was the punishment for Galileo's defiance?
What was the punishment for Galileo's defiance?
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What was the main reason for the decline of Latin in the Dark Ages?
What was the main reason for the decline of Latin in the Dark Ages?
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What did Copernicus suggest?
What did Copernicus suggest?
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What is a characteristic of Romance languages?
What is a characteristic of Romance languages?
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What was Ptolemy's theory?
What was Ptolemy's theory?
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Who is considered to have been one of the 'master trio' of Renaissance art?
Who is considered to have been one of the 'master trio' of Renaissance art?
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What was Michelangelo's profession above all other art forms?
What was Michelangelo's profession above all other art forms?
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What was Galileo's impact on Western civilization?
What was Galileo's impact on Western civilization?
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What was unique about Michelangelo's scaffolding system in the Sistine Chapel?
What was unique about Michelangelo's scaffolding system in the Sistine Chapel?
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What is one of Michelangelo's most famous works?
What is one of Michelangelo's most famous works?
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Who introduced Michelangelo to many scientists, philosophers, and poets?
Who introduced Michelangelo to many scientists, philosophers, and poets?
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What event led to more people abandoning the study of Latin?
What event led to more people abandoning the study of Latin?
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What was Leonardo da Vinci's profession?
What was Leonardo da Vinci's profession?
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During which period did Leonardo da Vinci live?
During which period did Leonardo da Vinci live?
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What does the term 'commissioned' mean in the context of art?
What does the term 'commissioned' mean in the context of art?
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What was a major point of contention for Martin Luther in the 95 Theses?
What was a major point of contention for Martin Luther in the 95 Theses?
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What was the outcome of Martin Luther's trial at the Diet of Worms?
What was the outcome of Martin Luther's trial at the Diet of Worms?
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What did Martin Luther translate into German during his exile?
What did Martin Luther translate into German during his exile?
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What was a key feature of the Scientific Revolution?
What was a key feature of the Scientific Revolution?
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What did astronomers like Copernicus and Galileo discover during the Scientific Revolution?
What did astronomers like Copernicus and Galileo discover during the Scientific Revolution?
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What led to the development of medicine and chemistry as distinct disciplines?
What led to the development of medicine and chemistry as distinct disciplines?
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What was a major impact of the 95 Theses on Western religion?
What was a major impact of the 95 Theses on Western religion?
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What was a key aspect of the artist's perspective mentioned in the text?
What was a key aspect of the artist's perspective mentioned in the text?
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What did the artist study in his later life, in addition to anatomy?
What did the artist study in his later life, in addition to anatomy?
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What was the result of the decline of the Roman Empire on education?
What was the result of the decline of the Roman Empire on education?
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What is a characteristic of Romance languages?
What is a characteristic of Romance languages?
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What was Michelangelo's most preferred art form?
What was Michelangelo's most preferred art form?
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Who introduced Michelangelo to scientists, philosophers, and poets?
Who introduced Michelangelo to scientists, philosophers, and poets?
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What was the significance of Michelangelo's fresco painting on the Sistine Chapel?
What was the significance of Michelangelo's fresco painting on the Sistine Chapel?
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What event led to more people reading in vernacular with the invention of the printing press?
What event led to more people reading in vernacular with the invention of the printing press?
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What was Leonardo da Vinci's time period?
What was Leonardo da Vinci's time period?
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What is a characteristic of Michelangelo's scaffolding system in the Sistine Chapel?
What is a characteristic of Michelangelo's scaffolding system in the Sistine Chapel?
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What was Michelangelo's profession?
What was Michelangelo's profession?
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What was a significant factor that led to the development of Romance languages?
What was a significant factor that led to the development of Romance languages?
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What is a characteristic of the artist's perspective in his artwork?
What is a characteristic of the artist's perspective in his artwork?
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What is the name of the famous artwork that depicts a biblical scene?
What is the name of the famous artwork that depicts a biblical scene?
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What is the name of the document published by Martin Luther in 1517?
What is the name of the document published by Martin Luther in 1517?
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What was Martin Luther's main argument in the 95 Theses?
What was Martin Luther's main argument in the 95 Theses?
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What was the outcome of Martin Luther's trial at the Diet of Worms?
What was the outcome of Martin Luther's trial at the Diet of Worms?
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What was the significance of the Scientific Revolution in Western Europe?
What was the significance of the Scientific Revolution in Western Europe?
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What was a key feature of the artist's inventions?
What was a key feature of the artist's inventions?
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What was the impact of the 95 Theses on Western religion?
What was the impact of the 95 Theses on Western religion?
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What was the significance of the artist's studies in anatomy and philosophy?
What was the significance of the artist's studies in anatomy and philosophy?
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What was the result of the rise of empiricism in the 17th century?
What was the result of the rise of empiricism in the 17th century?
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What was the prevailing understanding of the universe until the 16th century?
What was the prevailing understanding of the universe until the 16th century?
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What was Copernicus' contribution to the field of astronomy?
What was Copernicus' contribution to the field of astronomy?
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What was Brahe's attempt to do in his theory?
What was Brahe's attempt to do in his theory?
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What was the significance of Galileo's observations of Jupiter and Venus?
What was the significance of Galileo's observations of Jupiter and Venus?
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What was the consequence of Galileo's refusal to stop supporting the heliocentric model?
What was the consequence of Galileo's refusal to stop supporting the heliocentric model?
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What was the underlying motivation for the development of the scientific method?
What was the underlying motivation for the development of the scientific method?
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What was the significance of Galileo's improvements to the telescope?
What was the significance of Galileo's improvements to the telescope?
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What was the response of the Catholic and Protestant churches to Copernicus' theory?
What was the response of the Catholic and Protestant churches to Copernicus' theory?
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What was the outcome of Galileo's defiance of the Church's orders?
What was the outcome of Galileo's defiance of the Church's orders?
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What was the significance of Galileo's experiments in history?
What was the significance of Galileo's experiments in history?
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Study Notes
Latin and the Dark Ages
- The Roman Empire spread Latin throughout Europe, but after its fall, interest in educating the masses decreased.
- People in the Dark Ages (476-1066) began to speak in vernacular languages, which became increasingly different from Latin.
- Romance languages, such as French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian, are heavily influenced by Latin.
Michelangelo
- Michelangelo Buonarroti was a renowned painter, sculptor, innovator, and architect, but considered himself a sculptor above all.
- He was part of the "master trio" of Renaissance art, along with da Vinci and Raphael.
- Michelangelo's work in the Medici gardens influenced his art, and he was introduced to scientists, philosophers, and poets through Lorenzo de Medici.
- His fresco painting on the Sistine Chapel was a groundbreaking feat, and he designed a unique scaffolding system to help him paint.
- Some of his most well-known works include Pieta, Moses, David, and The Last Judgment.
Leonardo da Vinci
- Leonardo da Vinci was a 15th-century artist, inventor, anatomist, philosopher, and more.
- He lived during the Renaissance in Italy, a time of rebirth and new methods of reasoning and creating.
- He studied art at a young age and was commissioned to make his first works in his twenties.
- His perspective of clarity in artwork featured distant objects as less distinct.
- His most famous works of art include The Adoration of the Magi, The Vitruvian Man, The Last Supper, and The Mona Lisa.
- He is also known for his inventions, including drawings for an armored car, a rudimentary robot, and a flying machine that was a precursor to the helicopter.
The 95 Theses
- The 95 Theses are 95 statements published by Martin Luther in 1517, detailing his opinions about Christian Scripture and Roman Catholic Church practices.
- Luther disagreed with the Church's custom of selling indulgences to pay for sins, arguing that humans could go to heaven simply by having faith in Jesus.
- He was forced to go on trial before the Holy Roman Empire, where he denied committing heresy and was condemned.
- He went into exile, where he translated the Bible into German, allowing all German people to understand the Bible in their own native language.
- The 95 Theses significantly impacted Western religion by questioning Catholicism and provoking the Protestant Reformation.
The Scientific Revolution
- The Scientific Revolution was a rapid series of scientific discoveries in Western Europe during the 17th century.
- Causes of the Scientific Revolution included the rise of empiricism, new inventions, and new discoveries that questioned ancient philosophers.
- The scientific method was formulated during this period, and astronomers discovered that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
- Physicists discovered the forces that made the universe operate, and mathematicians developed ways to simplify computing and data analysis.
- Chemists studied the states of matter, and biologists explored the microscopic world, furthering our understanding of human anatomy.
Medicine and Chemistry
- The 16th and 17th centuries saw medicine and chemistry come into their own as disciplines.
- This occurred due to the increased emphasis on empiricism by scientists, who studied the natural world and the human body through dissections, experimentation, and notation.
- Without these pioneering efforts, medicine and chemistry would not be the highly specialized disciplines they are today.
Astronomy
- Copernicus and Brahe attended universities to study ancient Greek philosophers, where they were introduced to Ptolemy's theory that the Earth was the center of the universe.
- Copernicus suggested a new idea - that the sun was central to the orbiting planets.
- Brahe attempted to bridge the two theories, saying the planets orbited the sun, which, together with the moon, orbited Earth.
- These theories challenged ancient ideals and inspired the modern study of astronomy.
Galileo
- Galileo was one of the fathers of the scientific method, and his experiments were among the first recorded scientific experiments in history.
- His greatest impact was in the field of astronomy, where his improvements on the telescope allowed him to see things like the moons of Jupiter and the phases of Venus.
- His findings contradicted the established geocentric model of the universe and persuaded Galileo to support the heliocentric model.
- When he refused to stop supporting heliocentrism, the Church ordered him to stop and placed him under house arrest for the rest of his life.
Latin and the Dark Ages
- The Roman Empire spread Latin throughout Europe, but after its fall, interest in educating the masses decreased.
- People in the Dark Ages (476-1066) began to speak in vernacular languages, which became increasingly different from Latin.
- Romance languages, such as French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian, are heavily influenced by Latin.
Michelangelo
- Michelangelo Buonarroti was a renowned painter, sculptor, innovator, and architect, but considered himself a sculptor above all.
- He was part of the "master trio" of Renaissance art, along with da Vinci and Raphael.
- Michelangelo's work in the Medici gardens influenced his art, and he was introduced to scientists, philosophers, and poets through Lorenzo de Medici.
- His fresco painting on the Sistine Chapel was a groundbreaking feat, and he designed a unique scaffolding system to help him paint.
- Some of his most well-known works include Pieta, Moses, David, and The Last Judgment.
Leonardo da Vinci
- Leonardo da Vinci was a 15th-century artist, inventor, anatomist, philosopher, and more.
- He lived during the Renaissance in Italy, a time of rebirth and new methods of reasoning and creating.
- He studied art at a young age and was commissioned to make his first works in his twenties.
- His perspective of clarity in artwork featured distant objects as less distinct.
- His most famous works of art include The Adoration of the Magi, The Vitruvian Man, The Last Supper, and The Mona Lisa.
- He is also known for his inventions, including drawings for an armored car, a rudimentary robot, and a flying machine that was a precursor to the helicopter.
The 95 Theses
- The 95 Theses are 95 statements published by Martin Luther in 1517, detailing his opinions about Christian Scripture and Roman Catholic Church practices.
- Luther disagreed with the Church's custom of selling indulgences to pay for sins, arguing that humans could go to heaven simply by having faith in Jesus.
- He was forced to go on trial before the Holy Roman Empire, where he denied committing heresy and was condemned.
- He went into exile, where he translated the Bible into German, allowing all German people to understand the Bible in their own native language.
- The 95 Theses significantly impacted Western religion by questioning Catholicism and provoking the Protestant Reformation.
The Scientific Revolution
- The Scientific Revolution was a rapid series of scientific discoveries in Western Europe during the 17th century.
- Causes of the Scientific Revolution included the rise of empiricism, new inventions, and new discoveries that questioned ancient philosophers.
- The scientific method was formulated during this period, and astronomers discovered that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
- Physicists discovered the forces that made the universe operate, and mathematicians developed ways to simplify computing and data analysis.
- Chemists studied the states of matter, and biologists explored the microscopic world, furthering our understanding of human anatomy.
Medicine and Chemistry
- The 16th and 17th centuries saw medicine and chemistry come into their own as disciplines.
- This occurred due to the increased emphasis on empiricism by scientists, who studied the natural world and the human body through dissections, experimentation, and notation.
- Without these pioneering efforts, medicine and chemistry would not be the highly specialized disciplines they are today.
Astronomy
- Copernicus and Brahe attended universities to study ancient Greek philosophers, where they were introduced to Ptolemy's theory that the Earth was the center of the universe.
- Copernicus suggested a new idea - that the sun was central to the orbiting planets.
- Brahe attempted to bridge the two theories, saying the planets orbited the sun, which, together with the moon, orbited Earth.
- These theories challenged ancient ideals and inspired the modern study of astronomy.
Galileo
- Galileo was one of the fathers of the scientific method, and his experiments were among the first recorded scientific experiments in history.
- His greatest impact was in the field of astronomy, where his improvements on the telescope allowed him to see things like the moons of Jupiter and the phases of Venus.
- His findings contradicted the established geocentric model of the universe and persuaded Galileo to support the heliocentric model.
- When he refused to stop supporting heliocentrism, the Church ordered him to stop and placed him under house arrest for the rest of his life.
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Description
Learn how Latin spread throughout Europe and evolved into Romance languages after the fall of the Roman Empire. Discover how vernacular languages developed during the Dark Ages.
