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Questions and Answers
What is an artwork commissioned for?
What is an artwork commissioned for?
Which of the following is NOT a famous work of art by the artist mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a famous work of art by the artist mentioned?
What was a significant impact of Martin Luther's 95 Theses?
What was a significant impact of Martin Luther's 95 Theses?
What did Martin Luther translate into German during his exile?
What did Martin Luther translate into German during his exile?
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What was a key factor in the Scientific Revolution?
What was a key factor in the Scientific Revolution?
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Who discovered that the Earth revolves around the Sun?
Who discovered that the Earth revolves around the Sun?
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What was a significant outcome of the Scientific Revolution?
What was a significant outcome of the Scientific Revolution?
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What did mathematicians achieve during the Scientific Revolution?
What did mathematicians achieve during the Scientific Revolution?
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What was the primary reason for the decline of Latin throughout Europe?
What was the primary reason for the decline of Latin throughout Europe?
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Which language family is heavily influenced by Latin?
Which language family is heavily influenced by Latin?
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What was Michelangelo's primary occupation?
What was Michelangelo's primary occupation?
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Who introduced Michelangelo to influential scientists, philosophers, and poets?
Who introduced Michelangelo to influential scientists, philosophers, and poets?
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What was the innovative feature of Michelangelo's scaffolding system in the Sistine Chapel?
What was the innovative feature of Michelangelo's scaffolding system in the Sistine Chapel?
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What was the primary reason for Michelangelo's quick work on the Sistine Chapel fresco?
What was the primary reason for Michelangelo's quick work on the Sistine Chapel fresco?
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What was the cultural and intellectual movement that Leonardo da Vinci lived during?
What was the cultural and intellectual movement that Leonardo da Vinci lived during?
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Study Notes
The Spread of Latin and the Rise of Vernacular Languages
- Latin was spread throughout Europe by the Roman Empire
- After the fall of Rome, interest in educating the masses declined, leading to the rise of vernacular languages
- The Dark Ages (476-1066) saw the development of Romance languages, such as French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian, which are heavily influenced by Latin
Michelangelo
- Born in Caprese, Italy in 1475
- Considered himself a sculptor above all other art forms
- Part of the "master trio" of Renaissance art, along with Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael
- Worked in the Medici gardens, influencing his art
- Introduced to scientists, philosophers, and poets through Lorenzo de Medici, which influenced his work
- Famous works include:
- Pieta
- Moses
- David
- The Last Judgment
- Notable achievements:
- Fresco painting on the Sistine Chapel
- Design of a unique, curved scaffolding system
Leonardo da Vinci
- 15th-century artist, inventor, anatomist, philosopher, and more
- Lived during the Renaissance in Italy
- Studied art at a young age and was commissioned to create works in his twenties
- Famous for his perspective of clarity in artwork, where distant objects are less distinct
- Notable works:
- The "Adoration of the Magi"
- The "Vitruvian Man"
- The "Last Supper"
- The "Mona Lisa"
- Inventive designs:
- Armored car
- Rudimentary robot
- Flying machine (forerunner to the helicopter)
The 95 Theses
- Published in 1517 by Martin Luther in Wittenberg, Germany
- Detailed Luther's opinions on Christian Scripture and practices of the Roman Catholic Church
- Criticized the Church's sale of indulgences to pay for sins
- Argued that humans can go to heaven through faith in Jesus, according to the Bible
- Led to the Protestant Reformation and the formation of Protestantism and Lutheranism
- Notable consequences:
- Luther's trial at the Diet of Worms
- His condemnation by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
- His exile and translation of the Bible into German
The Scientific Revolution
- A rapid series of scientific discoveries in western Europe during the 17th century
- Causes:
- Rise of empiricism
- New inventions
- New discoveries questioning ancient philosophers
- Formulation of the scientific method
- Notable discoveries:
- Astronomers: Copernicus and Galileo (Earth revolves around the Sun)
- Physicists: Kepler and Newton (forces governing the universe)
- Mathematicians: simplification of computing and data analysis
- Chemists: study of states of matter
- Biologists: exploration of the microscopic world and human anatomy
- Conflict with the Catholic Church
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Description
Learn how Latin spread throughout Europe by the Roman Empire and how it influenced the development of Romance languages such as French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian.
