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Questions and Answers
Additionally, other variables reflecting not only job demands (e.g., time pressure; Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2010, 2011), and resources, for example, social support (Van der Doef & Maes, 1999), but also occupational outcomes, could be introduced in the ______.
Additionally, other variables reflecting not only job demands (e.g., time pressure; Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2010, 2011), and resources, for example, social support (Van der Doef & Maes, 1999), but also occupational outcomes, could be introduced in the ______.
model
Furthermore, by measuring occupational commitment solely at Time 3, we were not able to control for prior commitment or to model a fully ______ model of all variables.
Furthermore, by measuring occupational commitment solely at Time 3, we were not able to control for prior commitment or to model a fully ______ model of all variables.
cross-sectional
The teacher induction period is rather a phase of being ______: partly a teacher in training and partly still a student.
The teacher induction period is rather a phase of being ______: partly a teacher in training and partly still a student.
in-between
Thus, assessing occupational commitment during the teacher induction phase might not reflect the same occupational commitment as that experienced after actually entering the occupation as a full ______.
Thus, assessing occupational commitment during the teacher induction phase might not reflect the same occupational commitment as that experienced after actually entering the occupation as a full ______.
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Future research should examine teacher commitment at different career stages, to investigate how occupational commitment changes not only in intensity or patterns (for an analysis of such patterns see Solinger et al., 2013), but also in ______ across these stages.
Future research should examine teacher commitment at different career stages, to investigate how occupational commitment changes not only in intensity or patterns (for an analysis of such patterns see Solinger et al., 2013), but also in ______ across these stages.
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Although we were able to rely on a large teacher sample, we only included German teachers, although there are great differences in teacher induction programs ______.
Although we were able to rely on a large teacher sample, we only included German teachers, although there are great differences in teacher induction programs ______.
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As described in the introduction, the beginning teachers in the present study are not yet full employees or fully fledged members of the occupation, with full responsibility, authorities, and ______.
As described in the introduction, the beginning teachers in the present study are not yet full employees or fully fledged members of the occupation, with full responsibility, authorities, and ______.
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The teacher induction period is rather a phase of being in-between: partly a teacher in training and partly still a ______ (who still is subject to being graded and who needs to undertake several exams).
The teacher induction period is rather a phase of being in-between: partly a teacher in training and partly still a ______ (who still is subject to being graded and who needs to undertake several exams).
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Although there are great differences in teacher induction programs internationally, we only included ______ teachers.
Although there are great differences in teacher induction programs internationally, we only included ______ teachers.
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By measuring occupational commitment solely at Time 3, we were not able to control for prior commitment or to model a fully cross-sectional ______ of all variables.
By measuring occupational commitment solely at Time 3, we were not able to control for prior commitment or to model a fully cross-sectional ______ of all variables.
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Our data were collected over a period of 2 and a half to 3 years, while Hakanen et al. (2006) relied on cross-sectional data, and Bakker et al. (2003) investigated effects over 1 year only. Substantively, as well as practically, it can be considered promising that the motivational process seems to have a stronger influence on occupational commitment than does the health impairment process. There has been an ongoing trend in psychology of focusing on fostering occupational well-being, rather than on pathology: This has been termed positive psychology (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2014). It is within the scope of the positive psychology approach to foster the motivational aspects of work, instead of focusing on interventions dealing with and thereby putting focus on, the negative aspects. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the JD-R model. First, we successfully replicated the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher stress and high levels of resources lead to more engagement, respectively.
Our data were collected over a period of 2 and a half to 3 years, while Hakanen et al. (2006) relied on cross-sectional data, and Bakker et al. (2003) investigated effects over 1 year only. Substantively, as well as practically, it can be considered promising that the motivational process seems to have a stronger influence on occupational commitment than does the health impairment process. There has been an ongoing trend in psychology of focusing on fostering occupational well-being, rather than on pathology: This has been termed positive psychology (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2014). It is within the scope of the positive psychology approach to foster the motivational aspects of work, instead of focusing on interventions dealing with and thereby putting focus on, the negative aspects. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the JD-R model. First, we successfully replicated the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher stress and high levels of resources lead to more engagement, respectively.
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A possible reason is that our data were collected over a period of 2 and a half to 3 years, while Hakanen et al. (2006) relied on cross-sectional data, and Bakker et al. (2003) investigated effects over 1 year only. Substantively, as well as practically, it can be considered ______ that the motivational process seems to have a stronger influence on occupational commitment than does the health impairment process. There has been an ongoing trend in psychology of focusing on fostering occupational well-being, rather than on pathology: This has been termed positive psychology (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2014). It is within the scope of the positive psychology approach to foster the motivational aspects of work, instead of focusing on interventions dealing with and thereby putting focus on, the negative aspects. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the JD-R model. First, we successfully replicated the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher stress and high levels of resources lead to more engagement, respectively.
A possible reason is that our data were collected over a period of 2 and a half to 3 years, while Hakanen et al. (2006) relied on cross-sectional data, and Bakker et al. (2003) investigated effects over 1 year only. Substantively, as well as practically, it can be considered ______ that the motivational process seems to have a stronger influence on occupational commitment than does the health impairment process. There has been an ongoing trend in psychology of focusing on fostering occupational well-being, rather than on pathology: This has been termed positive psychology (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2014). It is within the scope of the positive psychology approach to foster the motivational aspects of work, instead of focusing on interventions dealing with and thereby putting focus on, the negative aspects. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the JD-R model. First, we successfully replicated the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher stress and high levels of resources lead to more engagement, respectively.
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It is within the scope of the positive psychology approach to foster the motivational aspects of work, instead of focusing on interventions dealing with and thereby putting focus on, the negative aspects. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the JD-R model. First, we successfully replicated the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher stress and high levels of resources lead to more engagement, respectively.
It is within the scope of the positive psychology approach to foster the motivational aspects of work, instead of focusing on interventions dealing with and thereby putting focus on, the negative aspects. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the JD-R model. First, we successfully replicated the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher stress and high levels of resources lead to more engagement, respectively.
Signup and view all the answers
It is within the scope of the positive psychology approach to foster the motivational aspects of work, instead of focusing on interventions dealing with and thereby putting focus on, the negative aspects. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the ______ model. First, we successfully replicated the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher stress and high levels of resources lead to more engagement, respectively.
It is within the scope of the positive psychology approach to foster the motivational aspects of work, instead of focusing on interventions dealing with and thereby putting focus on, the negative aspects. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the ______ model. First, we successfully replicated the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher stress and high levels of resources lead to more engagement, respectively.
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First, we successfully replicated the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher ______ and high levels of resources lead to more engagement, respectively.
First, we successfully replicated the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher ______ and high levels of resources lead to more engagement, respectively.
Signup and view all the answers
First, we successfully replicated the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher stress and high levels of resources lead to more ______, respectively.
First, we successfully replicated the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher stress and high levels of resources lead to more ______, respectively.
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First, we successfully ______ the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher stress and high levels of resources lead to more engagement, respectively.
First, we successfully ______ the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher stress and high levels of resources lead to more engagement, respectively.
Signup and view all the answers
First, we successfully replicated the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher stress and high levels of ______ lead to more engagement, respectively.
First, we successfully replicated the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher stress and high levels of ______ lead to more engagement, respectively.
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As described in the introduction, the beginning teachers in the present study are not yet full employees or fully fledged members of the occupation, with full responsibility, authorities, and ______.
As described in the introduction, the beginning teachers in the present study are not yet full employees or fully fledged members of the occupation, with full responsibility, authorities, and ______.
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Although there are great differences in teacher induction programs internationally, we only included ______ teachers.
Although there are great differences in teacher induction programs internationally, we only included ______ teachers.
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The teacher induction period is rather a phase of being ______: partly a teacher in training and partly still a student.
The teacher induction period is rather a phase of being ______: partly a teacher in training and partly still a student.
Signup and view all the answers
By measuring occupational commitment solely at Time 3, we were not able to control for prior commitment or to model a fully cross-sectional ______ of all variables.
By measuring occupational commitment solely at Time 3, we were not able to control for prior commitment or to model a fully cross-sectional ______ of all variables.
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It is within the scope of the positive psychology approach to foster the motivational aspects of work, instead of focusing on interventions dealing with and thereby putting focus on, the negative aspects. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the ______ model.
It is within the scope of the positive psychology approach to foster the motivational aspects of work, instead of focusing on interventions dealing with and thereby putting focus on, the negative aspects. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the ______ model.
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Although there are great differences in teacher induction programs internationally, we only included ______ teachers.
Although there are great differences in teacher induction programs internationally, we only included ______ teachers.
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Despite occupational commitment being significantly directly predicted by both engagement (positively) and emotional exhaustion (negatively), as proposed by Bakker, Demerouti, and Verbeke (2004; Bakker & Bal, 2010), our hypothesis regarding indirect effects was only partly confirmed. Hence, as opposed to findings by ______ et al.
Despite occupational commitment being significantly directly predicted by both engagement (positively) and emotional exhaustion (negatively), as proposed by Bakker, Demerouti, and Verbeke (2004; Bakker & Bal, 2010), our hypothesis regarding indirect effects was only partly confirmed. Hence, as opposed to findings by ______ et al.
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Furthermore, by measuring occupational commitment solely at Time 3, we were not able to control for prior commitment or to model a fully ______ model of all variables.
Furthermore, by measuring occupational commitment solely at Time 3, we were not able to control for prior commitment or to model a fully ______ model of all variables.
Signup and view all the answers
Although we were able to rely on a large teacher sample, we only included German teachers, although there are great differences in teacher induction programs ______.
Although we were able to rely on a large teacher sample, we only included German teachers, although there are great differences in teacher induction programs ______.
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First, we successfully replicated the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher stress and high levels of resources lead to more ______, respectively.
First, we successfully replicated the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher stress and high levels of resources lead to more ______, respectively.
Signup and view all the answers
Additionally, other variables reflecting not only job demands (e.g., time pressure; Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2010, 2011), and resources, for example, social support (Van der Doef & Maes, 1999), but also occupational outcomes, could be introduced in the ______.
Additionally, other variables reflecting not only job demands (e.g., time pressure; Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2010, 2011), and resources, for example, social support (Van der Doef & Maes, 1999), but also occupational outcomes, could be introduced in the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
A possible reason is that our data were collected over a period of 2 and a half to 3 years, while Hakanen et al. (2006) relied on cross-sectional data, and Bakker et al. (2003) investigated effects over 1 year only. Substantively, as well as practically, it can be considered ______ that the motivational process seems to have a stronger influence on occupational commitment than does the health impairment process.
A possible reason is that our data were collected over a period of 2 and a half to 3 years, while Hakanen et al. (2006) relied on cross-sectional data, and Bakker et al. (2003) investigated effects over 1 year only. Substantively, as well as practically, it can be considered ______ that the motivational process seems to have a stronger influence on occupational commitment than does the health impairment process.
Signup and view all the answers
It is within the scope of the positive psychology approach to foster the motivational aspects of work, instead of focusing on interventions dealing with and thereby putting focus on, the negative aspects. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the ______ model.
It is within the scope of the positive psychology approach to foster the motivational aspects of work, instead of focusing on interventions dealing with and thereby putting focus on, the negative aspects. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the ______ model.
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The teacher induction period is rather a phase of being ______: partly a teacher in training and partly still a student.
The teacher induction period is rather a phase of being ______: partly a teacher in training and partly still a student.
Signup and view all the answers
Although we were able to rely on a large teacher sample, we only included German teachers, although there are great differences in teacher induction programs ______.
Although we were able to rely on a large teacher sample, we only included German teachers, although there are great differences in teacher induction programs ______.
Signup and view all the answers
By measuring occupational commitment solely at Time 3, we were not able to control for prior commitment or to model a fully cross-sectional ______ of all variables.
By measuring occupational commitment solely at Time 3, we were not able to control for prior commitment or to model a fully cross-sectional ______ of all variables.
Signup and view all the answers
Future research should examine teacher commitment at different career stages, to investigate how occupational commitment changes not only in intensity or patterns, but also in ______ across these stages.
Future research should examine teacher commitment at different career stages, to investigate how occupational commitment changes not only in intensity or patterns, but also in ______ across these stages.
Signup and view all the answers
Additionally, other variables reflecting not only job demands (e.g., time pressure; Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2010, 2011), and resources, for example, social support (Van der Doef & Maes, 1999), but also occupational outcomes, could be introduced in the ______.
Additionally, other variables reflecting not only job demands (e.g., time pressure; Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2010, 2011), and resources, for example, social support (Van der Doef & Maes, 1999), but also occupational outcomes, could be introduced in the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Although there are great differences in teacher induction programs internationally, we only included ______ teachers.
Although there are great differences in teacher induction programs internationally, we only included ______ teachers.
Signup and view all the answers
The teacher induction period is rather a phase of being in-between: partly a teacher in training and partly still a ______ (who still is subject to being graded and who needs to undertake several exams).
The teacher induction period is rather a phase of being in-between: partly a teacher in training and partly still a ______ (who still is subject to being graded and who needs to undertake several exams).
Signup and view all the answers
It is within the scope of the positive psychology approach to foster the motivational aspects of work, instead of focusing on interventions dealing with and thereby putting focus on, the negative aspects. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the ______ model.
It is within the scope of the positive psychology approach to foster the motivational aspects of work, instead of focusing on interventions dealing with and thereby putting focus on, the negative aspects. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the ______ model.
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Leiter (Eds.), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp. 118 –131).New York, NY: Psychology Press.Schaufeli, W.B., & Bakker, A.B.(2003).The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: Test manual.Utrecht, the Netherlands: Department of Social and Organizational Psychology.Schaufeli, W.B., Bakker, A.B., & Van Rhenen, W.(2009).How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism.Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 893–917.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.595 Schaufeli, W.B., & Enzmann, D.(1998).The burnout companion to study and practice.Philadelphia, PA: Taylor and Francis.Schaufeli, W.B., & Taris, T.W.(2014).A critical review of the job demands-resources model: Implications for improving work and health.Bridging Occupational, Organizational and Public Health, 2014, 43– 68.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5640-3_4 Schmitt, N.(1994).Method bias: The importance of theory and measurement.Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 393–398.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.4030150504 Schwarzer, R., & Hallum, S.(2008).Perceived ______ self-efficacy as a predictor of job stress and burnout: Mediation Analyses.Applied Psychology, 57, 152–171.http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00359.x Seligman, M.E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M.(2014).Positive psychology: An introduction.Rotterdam, the Netherlands: Springer.Siegrist, J.(1996).Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions.
Leiter (Eds.), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp. 118 –131).New York, NY: Psychology Press.Schaufeli, W.B., & Bakker, A.B.(2003).The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: Test manual.Utrecht, the Netherlands: Department of Social and Organizational Psychology.Schaufeli, W.B., Bakker, A.B., & Van Rhenen, W.(2009).How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism.Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 893–917.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.595 Schaufeli, W.B., & Enzmann, D.(1998).The burnout companion to study and practice.Philadelphia, PA: Taylor and Francis.Schaufeli, W.B., & Taris, T.W.(2014).A critical review of the job demands-resources model: Implications for improving work and health.Bridging Occupational, Organizational and Public Health, 2014, 43– 68.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5640-3_4 Schmitt, N.(1994).Method bias: The importance of theory and measurement.Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 393–398.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.4030150504 Schwarzer, R., & Hallum, S.(2008).Perceived ______ self-efficacy as a predictor of job stress and burnout: Mediation Analyses.Applied Psychology, 57, 152–171.http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00359.x Seligman, M.E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M.(2014).Positive psychology: An introduction.Rotterdam, the Netherlands: Springer.Siegrist, J.(1996).Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions.
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First, we successfully ______ the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher stress and high levels of resources lead to more engagement, respectively.
First, we successfully ______ the health impairment process, as well as the motivation process, where high demands lead to higher stress and high levels of resources lead to more engagement, respectively.
Signup and view all the answers
It is within the scope of the positive psychology approach to foster the motivational aspects of work, instead of focusing on interventions dealing with and thereby putting focus on, the negative aspects. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the ______ model.
It is within the scope of the positive psychology approach to foster the motivational aspects of work, instead of focusing on interventions dealing with and thereby putting focus on, the negative aspects. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the ______ model.
Signup and view all the answers
As described in the introduction, the beginning teachers in the present study are not yet full employees or fully fledged members of the occupation, with full responsibility, authorities, and ______.
As described in the introduction, the beginning teachers in the present study are not yet full employees or fully fledged members of the occupation, with full responsibility, authorities, and ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Although there are great differences in teacher induction programs internationally, we only included ______ teachers.
Although there are great differences in teacher induction programs internationally, we only included ______ teachers.
Signup and view all the answers
The teacher induction period is rather a phase of being in-between: partly a teacher in training and partly still a ______ (who still is subject to being graded and who needs to undertake several exams).
The teacher induction period is rather a phase of being in-between: partly a teacher in training and partly still a ______ (who still is subject to being graded and who needs to undertake several exams).
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