Late Modernism and New Formalism

A 10-story concrete structure designed by Edward Durell Stone.

An architect who designed the Gallery of Modern Art, challenging Modernist ideals.

An architectural movement that followed Modernism and incorporated ornament.

Architectural principles emphasizing simplicity, functionality, and the absence of ornamentation.

The address of the Gallery of Modern Art.

Decorative elements used in architecture, often opposed to Modernist ideals.

A curving architectural surface as opposed to a flat surface. Often used as a design element.

A covered walkway at street level of a building. Used to mask inconsistencies in the building's exterior.

A modern architectural style that combines modern materials with historic forms and patterns. It is known for its beauty and its appropriateness in historic settings.

A Caltech building designed by Edward Durell Stone which uses light, form, pattern to mimic a historic Roman temple form but using modern materials.

A New York City building designed by Edward Durell Stone, described as a "die-cut Venetian palazzo on lollipops".

A building designed by Edward Durell Stone that blended South Asian architecture with modern western architecture and it is considered the origin of New Formalism.

A continuous columned row around a building, often seen in classical architecture.

Architectural elements and designs that are drawn from historical periods and styles.

The use of materials and techniques that were prevalent in the 20th century and beyond.

An avant-garde British architectural group formed in the 1960s, known for their futuristic, technology-driven designs and hypothetical projects.

A style of design that celebrates and anticipates the future, often using advanced technologies and materials. Archigram exemplified this approach.

A concept developed by Archigram member Peter Cook, where modular housing units could be plugged into a massive, adaptable framework.

A method of construction where pre-fabricated components are assembled to create a structure, allowing for flexibility and efficiency.

The use of technology to improve or maintain human life in challenging conditions. Archigram explored this through their designs.

A style of architecture that emphasizes the use of advanced materials and exposed technological systems, evident in works inspired by Archigram.

The use of visual elements associated with mass-produced goods and consumer culture in design.

Archigram's focus on technology and aesthetic vision sometimes neglected the broader implications of their designs for society and the environment.

High-Tech architecture is a style of architecture that emerged in the late 1960s, characterized by its use of industrial materials, exposed structures, and advanced technology.

High-Tech architecture is defined by its use of exposed steel and other metals, bright colors for functional elements, smooth glass surfaces, and flexible interior spaces.

High-Tech architecture originated in Britain in the late 1960s, as a development from Modernist architecture.

High-Tech architecture was considered a refreshing change from the bleakness of Brutalist architecture, embracing a more optimistic and technological approach.

Some notable High-Tech architects include Norman Foster, Richard Rogers, Renzo Piano, Michael Hopkins, and Jean Nouvel.

The Centre Pompidou is a renowned example of High-Tech architecture in Paris, designed by Richard Rogers, Renzo Piano, and Gianfranco Franchini.

The Centre Pompidou was commissioned by President Georges Pompidou to create a cultural hub in Paris, attracting visitors and becoming a city landmark.

High-Tech architecture is considered a bridge between modernism and postmodernism, moving away from the purely functional approach of modernism, while still embracing technological advancements.

A high-tech building designed by Norman Foster in Hong Kong, known for its innovative use of space and flexibility.

Reception areas that span two levels in the HSBC Bank Building, visually reducing the size of the building and creating a sense of openness.

A mirrored structure on the HSBC Bank Building that reflects sunlight into the atrium, creating a bright and inviting space.

The ability to easily change the layout of the HSBC Bank Building to meet changing needs.

The Centre Pompidou is known for its unique design that exposes its inner workings on the exterior facade, showcasing its structural elements and mechanical systems.

Instead of hiding them, the Centre Pompidou displays its supporting steel structure, escalators, and service ducts on the exterior, creating a distinctive aesthetic.

The Centre Pompidou's interior spaces are designed to be flexible and adaptable, allowing for various uses and rearranging.

The Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank headquarters was designed to be a symbol of confidence and success in Hong Kong.

The HSBC Bank was built using prefabricated modules and a suspension structure due to the need for speed and building downwards and upwards simultaneously.

The HSBC Bank's design features a distinctive stepped profile of three individual towers, creating varying floor sizes and allowing for garden terraces.

A key feature of the HSBC Bank is its service cores located on the perimeter, creating deep-plan floors around a central atrium.

The HSBC Bank's floor plan is deep, expanding from the perimeter inwards, and surrounding a spacious atrium.