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Questions and Answers
What characterizes the cognitive development of children in late childhood according to Piaget?
What characterizes the cognitive development of children in late childhood according to Piaget?
Which of the following best represents the capabilities of concrete operational thinkers?
Which of the following best represents the capabilities of concrete operational thinkers?
How do cognitive abilities of children in late childhood affect their schoolwork?
How do cognitive abilities of children in late childhood affect their schoolwork?
What interest might develop in late childhood as cognitive abilities improve?
What interest might develop in late childhood as cognitive abilities improve?
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What limitation do children in the concrete operational stage still face?
What limitation do children in the concrete operational stage still face?
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Which reasoning ability is less developed in children during late childhood?
Which reasoning ability is less developed in children during late childhood?
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In which area do children exhibit improvement during late childhood?
In which area do children exhibit improvement during late childhood?
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What significant cognitive change occurs concerning children's problem-solving abilities?
What significant cognitive change occurs concerning children's problem-solving abilities?
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What age range defines late childhood?
What age range defines late childhood?
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Which of the following is NOT a sign of early puberty in girls?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of early puberty in girls?
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How much weight do children in late childhood typically gain per year?
How much weight do children in late childhood typically gain per year?
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During late childhood, which physical development can be observed in boys?
During late childhood, which physical development can be observed in boys?
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What physical change is typically NOT associated with late childhood?
What physical change is typically NOT associated with late childhood?
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What is one of the first signs of puberty in girls?
What is one of the first signs of puberty in girls?
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What body change occurs in children as they approach adolescence?
What body change occurs in children as they approach adolescence?
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Which statement about muscle development during late childhood is correct?
Which statement about muscle development during late childhood is correct?
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What enhances older children's ability to concentrate and focus for extended periods?
What enhances older children's ability to concentrate and focus for extended periods?
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How can creativity in children be supported effectively?
How can creativity in children be supported effectively?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the 'Reading to Learn' stage?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the 'Reading to Learn' stage?
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What role does media play in children's development?
What role does media play in children's development?
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Which approach should be taken by caregivers to promote safe risk-taking in children?
Which approach should be taken by caregivers to promote safe risk-taking in children?
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What enhances children's creativity according to the discussed criteria?
What enhances children's creativity according to the discussed criteria?
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What is a significant personality trait of children that contributes to cognitive development?
What is a significant personality trait of children that contributes to cognitive development?
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Which option is NOT a suggestion for book selection for children in the 'Reading to Learn' stage?
Which option is NOT a suggestion for book selection for children in the 'Reading to Learn' stage?
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Study Notes
Late Childhood (Intermediate Schooler)
- Late childhood encompasses ages 9 to 12, sometimes referred to as "preteens".
- Physical changes during this period are often unpredictable and vary among children.
Physical Development
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Intermediate schoolers gain control over their bodies compared to primary schoolers.
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They become more active and able to choose their own hobbies and sports.
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School, friendships and exploring activities are common interests, yet physical growth progresses slowly.
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Early puberty starts with girls about 2 years ahead of boys in physical maturity.
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For girls, budding breasts are often the first sign, with periods starting between ages 8 and 13.
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The brain triggers the release of sex hormones in both boys and girls, leading to changes.
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Girls:
- Breast development may include small lumps behind the nipple, sometimes painful, but it eventually subsides.
- One breast might develop slower than the other; this is normal
- Vulva and vagina grow slightly larger in size
- Uterus also grows.
- Armpit and pubic hair growth starts.
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Boys:
- May have chest swelling which usually subsides within a year or two.
- Testicle size moderately enlarges
- Penis and scrotum begin to grow.
- Semen release can begin; this can happen while sleep or awake
- Hair grows in the armpits and pubic areas, as well as on the chest, face
Height, Weight, and Muscle Development
- Children generally gain 2.3 to 3.2 kilograms a year largely due to muscle, bone and organ development.
- Height typically increases by 2.5 inches annually, with the potential for growth spurts causing increased appetite.
- Muscles, liver and skeleton grow consistently; while organs like the brain and intestines grow at different rates and mature at different rates.
- Body fat increases to prepare for adolescence, happening earlier and in larger amounts for girls.
- Girls often appear "chubby" while boys tend to develop leaner muscle mass. These body differences become more apparent during adolescence.
Motor Skills
- Children around ages 10 and 11 usually become more coordinated and often get involved with activities like swimming, basketball or running.
- This period leads to an increased sense of enjoyment and accomplishment.
- Boys typically show greater nimbleness in large muscle activities compared to girls.
- Despite being more active, they are not physically mature; active play is preferred over sitting or standing for long periods of time.
- Fine motor skills improve by age 8, contributing to improved handwriting.
- Writing improves with smaller, straighter letters and numbers.
- Children can create crafts and play instruments like the piano or guitar with greater control.
- Girls typically perform better than boys in fine motor tasks.
Cognitive Development
- Concrete operational thinking allows them to organize thoughts effectively, although logical perception and reasoning remains limited to current situations.
- Children can apply learned information to situations they can directly manipulate.
- Schoolwork becomes more complicated with the growth of vocabulary, length of reading materials, and incorporation of problem-solving tasks.
- Understanding logic and reasoning helps them strategize for achieving desired goals .
- Develop interests in potential future careers, hobby collections, and participation in sports and hobbies.
- Comprehension of concepts is usually improved without the need for direct hands-on experiences.
Reading Development
- Previous knowledge and vocabulary directly correlate to comprehension of new reading materials and enable them to understand unknown words by context.
- This approach to reading is often described as reading to learn.
- To encourage reading, consider the child's personal preferences while selecting appropriate reading material.
- Choose information books or novels aligned with a specific interest.
- Select materials suitable for discussions and in-depth insight.
Attention
- Older children typically have longer and more adaptable attention spans compared to younger children.
- Attention span often depends on the intricacy of the task.
- Older children are better at concentrating and focusing on tasks for longer durations.
Creativity
- Children are generally inquisitive and open to exploring new ideas naturally.
- Creativity is innate; however, encouragement, guidance and support from parents, teachers and peers are needed.
- Creative work can be enhanced by breaking complex tasks into smaller, more manageable parts.
- Foster creativity by encouraging alternative responses from each child, and celebrating uniqueness and differences
- Encourage sharing of creative ideas among all students for reducing stress and anxiety.
Media Impact
- Media like television and computers have increasing relevance to children.
- Increased media exposure provides varied avenues to communicate effectively through speech and writing.
- Exposure facilitates collaborative work practices.
- Students can use technology in effective problem solving, goal setting and creation of strategies.
- Seek information and improve skills to meet their own personal goals.
Implications for Child Care, Education, and Parenting
- Provide varied opportunities for physical activities at home and at school.
- Encourage participation in meaningful activities until children find their interests.
- Develop stronger emotional ties with children to address insecurities and social concerns.
- Offer nutritious food choices and support healthy eating habits.
- Empower caretakers to recognize developmental stages to engage with children through participation, by understanding their innate curiosity and using it to achieve skill mastery appropriately.
- Create an environment where risks can be taken and discoveries made safely.
Self Concept
- A key characteristic of this stage is the acquisition of the feeling of self-competence with an increasing awareness and understanding of self.
- The child's self-concept and accomplishments are greatly influenced by external factors and unique individual experiences.
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Description
Explore the physical development changes in late childhood, covering ages 9 to 12. This quiz delves into the control over bodies, the onset of puberty, and the differences between physical growth in boys and girls. Test your understanding of the unique growth patterns during this critical stage of preteens.
