Laser-Beam Delivery Systems
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Laser-Beam Delivery Systems

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the terminating device in a laser-beam delivery system?

  • To increase the intensity of laser light
  • To generate laser light
  • To steer and focus the beam (correct)
  • To cool the laser equipment
  • Which type of terminating device uses a micromanipulator?

  • A focusing handpiece for an articulated arm
  • A micromanipulator for steering and focusing (correct)
  • An attachable/detachable tissue-contacting probe
  • The unadorned distal end of the delivery device
  • What characteristic must the distal-end face of a quartz optical fiber have to ensure effective beam delivery?

  • It must be perpendicular to the axis and polished (correct)
  • It must be rounded and uneven
  • It must be tapering toward the tip
  • It must be rough and textured
  • What happens when the distal end of the quartz fiber contacts the target tissue while the laser is active?

    <p>The tissue may vaporize or coagulate, leaving debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of terminating device is specifically designed for direct contact with tissue?

    <p>An attachable/detachable tissue-contacting probe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate solid end-product of the thermal breakdown of organic material caused by the laser?

    <p>Carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a basic type of terminating device?

    <p>Adaptive laser auto-calibrator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What optical element is often used in the unadorned distal end of the delivery device?

    <p>Quartz optical fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the distal end of a laser fiber when continued irradiation happens?

    <p>It produces incandescent carbon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the CO2 gas flow in the surgical handpiece?

    <p>To prevent tissue debris from splattering on the lens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lasers are now associated with the focusing handpiece besides CO2 lasers?

    <p>Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature does quartz melt into a misshapen blob due to continued irradiation?

    <p>1750 ◦C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically found at the distal end of the focusing handpiece?

    <p>A paraxial, offset tip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is commonly used for the lens in a typical surgical handpiece?

    <p>Zinc selenide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the laser fiber when it produces a misshapen blob at the distal end?

    <p>It must be removed to have its distal end repaired.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the small metal tube within the handpiece?

    <p>To provide a cooling air flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Terminating Devices for Laser-Beam Delivery Systems

    • Terminating devices are crucial for steering and focusing laser beams during surgical procedures.
    • There are six basic types of terminating devices used in laser-beam delivery systems.

    Types of Terminating Devices

    • Unadorned Distal End:

      • Uses a quartz optical fiber to deliver the laser beam directly to the target tissue.
      • Distal face must be polished and perpendicular to ensure a symmetric, conically diverging beam.
      • Contact with tissue can vaporize or coagulate it, resulting in carbon debris that absorbs laser light.
    • Focusing Handpiece:

      • Primarily used with CO2 lasers; now compatible with Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers.
      • Available focal lengths include 75 mm, 125 mm, and 150 mm, affecting focal-spot diameters of approximately 0.17, 0.28, and 0.33 mm.
      • Typically features a zinc selenide lens in an anodized aluminum housing, cooling system incorporated to prevent tissue debris accumulation.
    • Micromanipulator:

      • Designed to provide precise steering and focusing capabilities when connected to an articulated arm.
    • Hand-held Light-Pipe Probe:

      • A short probe with an optical coupler that connects to an articulated arm for delivery versatility.
    • Attachable/Detachable Tissue-contacting Probe:

      • Can be added or removed from the optical fiber, enabling flexible applications.
    • Sculptured Quartz Fibers:

      • Feature a specially contoured distal end to enhance contact and efficacy when targeting tissue.

    Considerations in Usage

    • Prolonged irradiation of tissue debris can lead to overheating, melting the quartz fiber into a non-functional shape.
    • Regular maintenance, such as re-cleaving and re-polishing, may be necessary for optimal performance.

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    Description

    Explore the various types of terminating devices used in laser-beam delivery systems to focus and steer laser beams for surgical applications. Understand the functionality and design of devices such as optical fibers, focusing handpieces, and micromanipulators. This quiz will enhance your knowledge of laser technology in medical practices.

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