Laryngeal Cancer Staging T3 and T4
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Questions and Answers

Which high-risk criterion for thyroid cancer is based on age?

  • Female gender above 51 years (correct)
  • History of radiation exposure
  • Presence of lymph node involvement
  • Male gender above 60 years
  • What is a common feature of thyroid nodules that exhibit a high risk for malignancy when detected during ultrasonography?

  • Papillary formation
  • Presence of a halo sign
  • Hypervascularity
  • Microcalcification (correct)
  • In differentiated thyroid cancer, which type accounts for approximately 85% of cases?

  • Hurthle
  • Follicular
  • Anaplastic
  • Papillary (correct)
  • When is the Sistrunk procedure considered adequate for a thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma?

    <p>Size of the tumor being small</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of palpable thyroid nodules are estimated to be malignant?

    <p>5-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of undifferentiated thyroid cancer?

    <p>Anaplastic morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration for operability in a patient?

    <p>The patient's general condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an unresectable tumor?

    <p>A tumor that infiltrates vital structures such as the skull base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of 'Resectability' in surgical treatment?

    <p>It refers to the tumor's ability to be completely removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with SCC and distant metastasis is considered:

    <p>Inoperable but locally resectable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a structure that if involved, would render a tumor unresectable?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of resection in surgical treatment?

    <p>To remove the tumor with a 1cm safe margin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a T4a tumor from a T3 tumor in the larynx?

    <p>Invasion through the thyroid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor classification is defined by extension to the supraglottis and/or subglottis with impaired vocal cord mobility, specifically for the glottis tumor?

    <p>T2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a T4a tumor from a T4b tumor in the glottis?

    <p>Invasion of prevertebral space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor classification denotes a tumor limited to one vocal cord with normal mobility in the glottis?

    <p>T1a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor classification is characterized by involvement of both vocal cords with normal mobility in the glottis?

    <p>T1b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of T4b tumors of the subglottis?

    <p>Invasion of prevertebral space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensitivity of SPECT/CT in the evaluation of ectopic parathyroid adenomas?

    <p>95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modality is more helpful for lesions greater than 1.5 cm?

    <p>PET/CT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commonly used criteria for successful parathyroidectomy using intra-op PTH assessment?

    <p>A drop &gt; 50% in PTH level 10 minutes after adenoma removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the half-life of intact PTH, as used in intra-op PTH assessment?

    <p>2-4 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of intra-op PTH assessment in parathyroidectomy?

    <p>Avoids unnecessary exploration of multiple glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disadvantage of intra-op PTH assessment in parathyroidectomy?

    <p>High rate of false positive results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Hungry Bones Syndrome?

    <p>Chronic increase in bone resorption induced by high PTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign of severe hypocalcemia?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tests is NOT used to monitor patients after parathyroid surgery?

    <p>Blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a patient be discharged without calcium supplements after parathyroid surgery?

    <p>Post-op PTH is greater than 16 pg/mL and sequential calcium levels are stable or demonstrate an upward trend</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign of early hypocalcemia?

    <p>Increased blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of transient postoperative hypocalcemia?

    <p>Mild degree of bone disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

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