Laptop Repair Methodology and Components

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Questions and Answers

Which technology operates primarily in the 2.4 GHz range for short-range, high-speed communication?

NFC

Bluetooth (correct)

ZigBee

802.11n

What is the primary function of the Domain Name System (DNS)?

To assign dynamic IP addresses

To store incoming and outgoing emails

To manage network printing services

To convert names into IP addresses (correct)

Which protocol is commonly used for automatic IP address configuration in networks?

SMTP

DHCP (correct)

HTTP

FTP

Which standard is used for logging messages across diverse systems?

Syslog (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a Mail Server?

To store and send email communications (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following technologies uses the ISM band for communication?

ZigBee (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which frequency bandwidth is used by 802.11n when utilizing two contiguous channels?

40 MHz (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of network does Z-Wave primarily control within home automation systems?

Garage doors and locks (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum data transfer rate for SATA Revision 3.2?

16 Gbits/1 meter (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the SCSI standard?

A set of standards for connecting various peripherals to computers (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many drives can be connected per cable in PATA cabling?

2 drives per cable (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of connector is used for power in a SATA configuration?

15-pin connector (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes Serial Attached SCSI from parallel SCSI?

Employs point-to-point connections (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Port 25?

Facilitates email transmission. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol operates on Port 80?

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of Port 143 compared to Port 110?

Keeps emails on the server for multiple device access. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role does Port 389 serve in a network?

Accesses and manages directory information services. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which port is associated with the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and its functions?

Port 67 and Port 68. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of protocol operates on Port 3389?

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Port 445?

Accesses shared files and printers in Windows networks. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which port is used by the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) to send queries?

Port 161 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the T1 timer in DHCP lease renewal check for?

Renews the device's IP address at 50% of the original lease time (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a VLAN?

Keeps subnets logically separate at the switch (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary disadvantage of satellite networking?

High latency in data transmission (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does a DSL modem operate in terms of data transmission?

Operates over existing telephone lines for high-speed access (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a WAN compared to a LAN?

Can connect multiple local networks across large distances (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of device is primarily used to share internet access in a WISP?

Outdoor antenna (D) Signup and view all the answers

What technology does a cable modem typically utilize for data transmission?

Multiple frequencies across a cable network (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes PAN (Personal Area Network)?

A personal network typically using Bluetooth or NFC (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a Storage Area Network (SAN)?

It often requires significant bandwidth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What tool is specifically designed to attach a terminator or connector to a cable?

Cable Crimper (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Ethernet cable categories operates at a maximum data rate of 1 Gbps?

CAT 5E (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary use of coaxial cables?

Cable modem and TV/Digital cable networks (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an important feature of plenum cable?

Fire resistant and non-toxic (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does a loopback plug function in network testing?

It tests physical ports for transmission capabilities (B) Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates CAT 6A from CAT 6 cables?

CAT 6A supports longer distances at 10 Gbps speeds (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a tone generator in networking?

To associate an analog signal with a specific wire (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a managed switch in a network?

To provide advanced features like VLANs and remote management. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does POE stand for and what is its primary function?

Power Over Ethernet, which sends power over a single Ethernet cable. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of an Access Point in a network?

Links the wireless network to the wired network using DMac Address. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a Hub in a networking environment?

It repeats traffic from one port to all other ports on the network. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes POE+ from standard POE?

It supports a higher power output of 25.5 watts. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an Optical Network Terminal (ONT)?

To link the ISP fiber network to the home copper network. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the functionality of DSL modems?

They have a limitation on speed based on distance from the central office. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Software-Defined Networking (SDN)?

It separates network functions into logical units managed via software. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Six Steps of Methodology

Identify the problem
Establish a theory of probable cause
Test the theory to determine the cause
Establish a plan of action to fix the problem and implement the solution
Verify full system functionality
Document the finding, actions, and outcome

Laptop Hardware

Laptop hardware repairs can be challenging due to precise engineering specifications.
Some laptops are easier to repair than others.
Manufacturers provide service information.

Laptop Batteries

Some laptop batteries are easy to replace, while others require a teardown.
Most laptop batteries today are Lithium Ion (Li-ion) or Lithium Ion polymer (LiPo).
Charging capacity decreases with each charge cycle.
Different laptop models have different battery forms.
Battery types can differ among models.

Laptop Keyboards

Laptop keyboards are easily replaceable.
Replacing or removing keys can require specific procedures.
Keys are easily broken.

Laptop Memory/Storage

Upgrading laptop memory may involve using SO-Dimms.
Some laptops are not designed to support upgrades.
Older models use magnetic disks, while newer models use SSDs.
Laptop SSD storage is typically internal, requiring opening the laptop to access and replace.

Wireless and Bluetooth

Built-in wireless functions are present in laptops.
Older laptops may include mini PCI and mini PCI express.
These allow access to Bluetooth and wireless capabilities, and 802.11 functions, for compatible devices.

Biometrics

Biometrics allow biometric login such as Face ID or fingerprint scanning.
Additional configuration is needed.
Hardware is required for each option.

Near Field Communications

NFC allows data transfer or authentication without physical contact.
NFC is used for transactions like Apple Pay.

Laptop Displays

Many laptops use an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display).
LCDs are lightweight and use low power.
LCDs require a separate backlight.
Backlights can be difficult to replace.
LCD technologies include TN (Twisted Nematic), IPS (InPlane Switching), and VA(Vertical Alignment)
OLED displays are known for high contrast, vibrant colors, and the ability to turn off individual pixels for deeper blacks.
Wireless displays are used for connecting to peripherals

Wireless Displays

Connection to peripherals without wires.
Wires wrap around the laptop screen.

Webcams

Integrated webcam capability on many models.
Built-in microphone.
Specialized drivers and software are also included.

Backlight

There are multiple display backlight types
Fluorescent is a type that is typically related to older laptops.
LED backlight is now more common

Digitizer

A digitizer device or technology converts an analog signal to digital data.

Inverters

Converts DC into AC power.

USB-C

Most common connector for data transfer and charging.
Reversible design.
Supports high-speed data and power delivery.

Micro-USB

Older connector.
Not reversible.
Slower than USB-C.

Lightning/Cellular Networks

A proprietary connector used by Apple.
Cellular networks divide land into cell coverage areas.
Antennas transmit signals in different frequency ranges within these cells.
GSM and CDMA are different cellular network types.

Ports

Ports 0 to 1023 are usually associated with a service on a server.
Ports 1024 to 65,535 are temporary ports for a short time.
TCP and UDP ports are both needed for many functions.

100-900 mbps

Bandwidth (speed) is less problematic.
More data transfers are possible.

Multi-function Devices (Printers and Scanners)

Various functionalities in a single machine.
Different connection types (wired and wireless) may be possible.
Security protocols or settings allow management or access control.

Printers

Printer sharing allows multiple users to connect to and use the printer.

Audit Logs

Logs showing who printed what and when.

Laser Printer

Output is created using combined high voltages, heat, and pressure to create output with toner on the paper.

Inkjet Printer

Uses cartridges that hold liquid ink.
Some models integrate print head or the print head is separate.
Positioning of the print head is important to ensure sharp and accurate prints.

Impact Printers

Use pins to strike ribbons to transfer ink to the paper.
The used ribbon may need replacement due to wear.

Thermal Paper

These printers use heat to transfer text and images.
They do not use ink.

Cables

Ethernet uses twisted-pair copper wire.
Some types are shielded(STP) or unshielded (UTP).
Different categories (CAT 5, CAT 5e, CAT 6, CAT 6a) are available.

Types of Wire

Twisted pair copper cabling
Coaxial cables
Fiber optic cables and their types

Network Device Connections

USB, Ethernet, Bluetooth, and others allow connection.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Memory for storing data that is actively being used.
Volatile memory- data stored is lost when the power is off.
Various hardware configurations such as DDR3, DDR4 and DDR5 exist for RAM storage.

CPUs and Motherboards

MicroATX, ATX motherboards and many other categories exist.

Cloud Computing

Remote server-based services hosted on the internet.

Private Cloud

An organization's personal cloud, controlled environment.

Public Cloud

Internet resources available to everyone.

Hybrid Cloud

Combines public and private cloud resources.

Community Cloud

Several organizations share and manage the cloud resources
Cost and resource sharing.

IaaS

Hardware as a service.
Responsibility for data and security management remains with the user.

SaaS

Software as a service.
Third-party providers manage and maintain application use.

Desktop Motherboards

Vary in size, capacity, and features.

Mobile Motherboards

Compact features, higher efficiency, limited speed.

File Servers

Storage for files on a centralized network device.

Server Message Block (SMB)

A standard for file sharing.

Web Servers

Provides web content services to clients.

Authentication Server

Verifies user log-in credentials.

Database

A collection of organized data.

Redundant Servers

Server redundancy increases reliability of data/services when some servers are unavailable.

Load Balancing

Distributes work across multiple servers to ensure consistent service delivery and reliability.

Proxy Servers

Intermediate servers for clients requesting content (such as an internet page).

SCADA/ICS

A system used for controlling industrial devices like manufacturing equipment.

System Management (Utilities, OS)

Management and control of the computer, including the operating system and various utilities.

Other Devices

Various devices such as Printers, Scanners, and cameras
Various standards, and technologies used to allow different devices (like printers and scanners) to connect, share files and various other functions.

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Description

This quiz covers the methodology for diagnosing and repairing laptop issues, focusing on hardware, batteries, and keyboards. Understand the steps involved in troubleshooting and the specific considerations for laptop repairs. Learn about common challenges and best practices in the laptop repair process.