Language Communication and Elements Quiz

12 Questions

What is the main difference between verbal and written communication according to the text?

Verbal communication is more immediate, while written communication is more permanent

Which of the following is a key characteristic of language?

Language is primarily used to convey ideas and emotions

Which of the following is not considered one of the '5 Macro Skills' of communication mentioned in the text?

Comprehension

What is the primary purpose of 'skimming' according to the text?

To read rapidly in order to get a general overview of the material

Which language is mentioned in the text as being spoken in the Philippines?

Tagalog

According to the quote by Nelson Mandela, what is the key difference between talking to someone in a language they understand versus their own language?

Talking in a language they understand goes to their head, while talking in their own language goes to their heart

What does communicative competence refer to?

Understanding morphology, phonology, and syntax

Which circle in Kachru's model of World Englishes includes territories colonized by the parent countries of English?

Outer Circle

What is the main focus of micro linguistics?

The structures of the language system itself

Which phase in the Nativization Continuum of World Englishes involves people unconsciously using English without associating with its parent varieties?

Native Recognition

In which contexts is World English commonly used?

In business, trade, diplomacy, and international activities

What sets Philippine English apart from other varieties?

It is one of the few American-transplanted Englishes

Study Notes

Language and Communication

Language is a primarily human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires through a system of voluntarily produced symbols.
The origin of the word "language" comes from the Latin word "lingua".

Kinds of Communication

Verbal communication: involves the use of spoken language to convey messages.
Non-verbal communication: involves the use of facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice to convey messages.
Written communication: involves the use of written language to convey messages.

Elements of Communication

Sender/Speaker: the person who conveys the message.
Receiver/Listener: the person who receives the message.

Language Skills

Listening: the prerequisite to understanding.
Speaking: the ability that makes humans superior to other species.
Interaction(al) communication: used in social conversations.
Transaction(al) communication: involves an act to be done after the message is received.
Performance: when an audience accepts the message spoken.
Reading: a multifaceted process involving word recognition, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.
Types of reading: oral reading, silent reading, skimming, scanning, and viewing.
Writing: the process of using symbols to communicate thoughts and ideas.

Language Acquisition

Communicative Competence: refers to the knowledge one has on morphology, phonology, syntax, and how to use these appropriately in utterances.
First Language (L1): the language used and learned by a person from birth until the critical period.
Second Language (L2): a language accommodated by a person usually learned afterwards.

Linguistics

Micro linguistics: focuses on the structures of the language system in itself, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and pragmatics.
Macro linguistics: focuses on the way languages are acquired, stored in the brain, and used for various functions, including psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and applied linguistics.

English Language

World English: the language used in business, trade, and diplomacy, and other international activities.
World Englishes: refers to the varieties of English from different regions of the world.
Globalization is a key factor in the spread of English.
Nativization Continuum of World Englishes (NCWEs): involves diffusion, induction, customization, and native recognition.

Kachru's Concentric Circle

Inner Circle: parent countries of English, which spread the language through colonization.
Outer Circle: territories colonized by the parent countries of English.
Expanding Circle: considers English as a foreign language.

Authority of English Language

Demographical and numerical: unprecedented spread across cultures and languages.
Functional: provides access to the most important scientific, technological, and cross-cultural domains of knowledge and interaction.
Attitudinal: symbolizes certainty to a large group across cultures, including accessibility, pluricentricity, and material benefits.

Philippine English

One of the very few American-transplanted Englishes.
Bilingualism: being able to speak two languages, in this case, Filipino and English.