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Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between verbal and written communication according to the text?
What is the main difference between verbal and written communication according to the text?
- Verbal communication is more formal, while written communication is more informal
- Verbal communication is more emotional, while written communication is more logical
- Verbal communication is more immediate, while written communication is more permanent (correct)
- Verbal communication is more subjective, while written communication is more objective
Which of the following is a key characteristic of language?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of language?
- Language is a system of involuntarily produced symbols
- Language is only used for verbal communication
- Language is primarily used to convey ideas and emotions (correct)
- Language is an instinctive method of communication
Which of the following is not considered one of the '5 Macro Skills' of communication mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is not considered one of the '5 Macro Skills' of communication mentioned in the text?
- Comprehension (correct)
- Speaking
- Interaction
- Listening
What is the primary purpose of 'skimming' according to the text?
What is the primary purpose of 'skimming' according to the text?
Which language is mentioned in the text as being spoken in the Philippines?
Which language is mentioned in the text as being spoken in the Philippines?
According to the quote by Nelson Mandela, what is the key difference between talking to someone in a language they understand versus their own language?
According to the quote by Nelson Mandela, what is the key difference between talking to someone in a language they understand versus their own language?
What does communicative competence refer to?
What does communicative competence refer to?
Which circle in Kachru's model of World Englishes includes territories colonized by the parent countries of English?
Which circle in Kachru's model of World Englishes includes territories colonized by the parent countries of English?
What is the main focus of micro linguistics?
What is the main focus of micro linguistics?
Which phase in the Nativization Continuum of World Englishes involves people unconsciously using English without associating with its parent varieties?
Which phase in the Nativization Continuum of World Englishes involves people unconsciously using English without associating with its parent varieties?
In which contexts is World English commonly used?
In which contexts is World English commonly used?
What sets Philippine English apart from other varieties?
What sets Philippine English apart from other varieties?
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Study Notes
Language and Communication
- Language is a primarily human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires through a system of voluntarily produced symbols.
- The origin of the word "language" comes from the Latin word "lingua".
Kinds of Communication
- Verbal communication: involves the use of spoken language to convey messages.
- Non-verbal communication: involves the use of facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice to convey messages.
- Written communication: involves the use of written language to convey messages.
Elements of Communication
- Sender/Speaker: the person who conveys the message.
- Receiver/Listener: the person who receives the message.
Language Skills
- Listening: the prerequisite to understanding.
- Speaking: the ability that makes humans superior to other species.
- Interaction(al) communication: used in social conversations.
- Transaction(al) communication: involves an act to be done after the message is received.
- Performance: when an audience accepts the message spoken.
- Reading: a multifaceted process involving word recognition, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.
- Types of reading: oral reading, silent reading, skimming, scanning, and viewing.
- Writing: the process of using symbols to communicate thoughts and ideas.
Language Acquisition
- Communicative Competence: refers to the knowledge one has on morphology, phonology, syntax, and how to use these appropriately in utterances.
- First Language (L1): the language used and learned by a person from birth until the critical period.
- Second Language (L2): a language accommodated by a person usually learned afterwards.
Linguistics
- Micro linguistics: focuses on the structures of the language system in itself, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and pragmatics.
- Macro linguistics: focuses on the way languages are acquired, stored in the brain, and used for various functions, including psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and applied linguistics.
English Language
- World English: the language used in business, trade, and diplomacy, and other international activities.
- World Englishes: refers to the varieties of English from different regions of the world.
- Globalization is a key factor in the spread of English.
- Nativization Continuum of World Englishes (NCWEs): involves diffusion, induction, customization, and native recognition.
Kachru's Concentric Circle
- Inner Circle: parent countries of English, which spread the language through colonization.
- Outer Circle: territories colonized by the parent countries of English.
- Expanding Circle: considers English as a foreign language.
Authority of English Language
- Demographical and numerical: unprecedented spread across cultures and languages.
- Functional: provides access to the most important scientific, technological, and cross-cultural domains of knowledge and interaction.
- Attitudinal: symbolizes certainty to a large group across cultures, including accessibility, pluricentricity, and material benefits.
Philippine English
- One of the very few American-transplanted Englishes.
- Bilingualism: being able to speak two languages, in this case, Filipino and English.
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