Land Subsidence and Flooding Impacts
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Questions and Answers

What is the main responsibility of the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB)?

  • Conservation and management of mineral resources (correct)
  • Surveying public lands
  • Management of solid waste
  • Establishment of protected areas

    • Which bureau is responsible for the management of solid wastes and hazardous substances?

  • Forest Management Bureau
  • Land Management Bureau
  • Biodiversity Management Bureau
  • Environmental Management Bureau (correct)

    • What was the former name of the Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB)?

  • Land Management Bureau
  • Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (correct)
  • Environmental Management Bureau
  • Forest Management Bureau

    • What is the primary function of the Land Management Bureau (LMB)?

    <p>Administration and management of public lands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attached agency is specifically responsible for the management of Laguna Lake?

    <p>Laguna Lake Development Authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bureau oversees the protection and conservation of forest lands and watersheds?

    <p>Forest Management Bureau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which Executive Order (EO) is the Land Management Bureau (LMB) established?

    <p>EO 192</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The environmental impact assessments are part of which agency's regulations?

    <p>Environmental Management Bureau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law is known as the ‘Comprehensive Air Pollution Control Policy’?

    <p>RA 8749</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Laguna Lake Development Authority created by RA _____?

    <p>Management of lake ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act recognizes the rights of Indigenous Peoples over their ancestral lands?

    <p>RA 8371</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does RA 9003 focus on in terms of environmental management?

    <p>Waste management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which presidential decree is referred to as the ‘Revised Forestry Code’?

    <p>PD 705</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a principal cause of land subsidence?

    <p>Groundwater withdrawals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geological hazard can be triggered by the accumulation of ash-fall and ash-flow deposits during typhoons?

    <p>Debris flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT associated with land subsidence?

    <p>Overfishing in coastal areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is flooding most likely to occur?

    <p>When dams or levees break</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does excessive groundwater extraction relate to land subsidence in the Philippines?

    <p>It decreases the land surface by several centimeters annually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the positive impacts of flooding?

    <p>Access to fresh water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tectonic hazards typically result from which geological processes?

    <p>Tectonic plate interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is described as the gradual settling or sudden sinking of the Earth's surface?

    <p>Land subsidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that differentiates weather from climate?

    <p>Weather changes from hour to hour, while climate remains stable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is NOT considered a part of weather?

    <p>Climate history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of giant terrestrial impacts compared to human perturbations of the earth system?

    <p>Human actions can cause changes on a comparable scale but in a more gradual manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do meteorologists use knowledge of weather components?

    <p>They predict immediate weather events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of global climate change is highlighted in the content?

    <p>It is one of the major global environmental issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical climate change example is mentioned in relation to the Sahara Desert?

    <p>It previously experienced frequent rainy weather.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential human ability regarding asteroid impacts is mentioned?

    <p>To deflect incoming asteroids using nuclear explosions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested about the future climate trends in relation to historical records?

    <p>Future climates may soon be warmer than any time in the past million years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)?

    <p>To arbitrate disputes related to the UNCLOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body is responsible for regulating mineral resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction?

    <p>International Seabed Authority (ISA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) do?

    <p>Specifies boundaries of maritime zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant environmental role is emphasized in Article II, Section 16 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution?

    <p>Protecting ecological balance and health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of laws were predominantly issued by President Ferdinand E. Marcos during his presidency?

    <p>Presidential Decrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are most environmental laws created in the Philippines?

    <p>Via a legislative process in Congress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the International Seabed Authority (ISA) come into existence?

    <p>1994</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often referred to as the 'Constitution of the Oceans'?

    <p>United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Land Subsidence

    • Land subsidence occurs when the Earth's surface settles or sinks due to the removal or displacement of underground materials
    • Excessive groundwater extraction is a significant cause of land subsidence, particularly in the Philippines and East Asian countries
    • Rodolfo and Siringan (2006) found that excessive groundwater extraction can lower land surfaces by several centimeters to over a decimeter annually.
    • Land subsidence is also linked to flooding

    Flooding

    • Flooding is the overflow of water onto normally dry land
    • Low-lying areas are most vulnerable to flooding, which can be caused by heavy rain, typhoons, tidal surges, or dam or levee breaks
    • Flooding is the most common and widespread weather-related natural disaster
    • While floods typically have negative impacts, they can also create positive outcomes
    • Floods can facilitate access to transportation, fresh water, and rich alluvial soils after the event

    Tectonic Hazards

    • Tectonic hazards result from the interaction of tectonic plates, including collisions, movement against each other, separation, and subduction
    • Tectonic hazards such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions cause abrupt changes in landforms
    • These hazards can cause catastrophic events that significantly impact human lives and property

    Weather and Climate

    • Weather refers to the temporary conditions of the atmosphere, changing from hour to hour or day to day
    • Over time, familiar weather patterns emerge in specific areas
    • Six main components of weather are: temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and cloudiness
    • Understanding these components helps meteorologists forecast weather.
    • Climate represents the average weather in a region, including its variations and extremes over many years
    • Climate changes occur slowly, over hundreds or thousands of years
    • The Sahara Desert, the largest desert today, once experienced different climate conditions, with frequent rainy weather

    Global Climate Change

    • Global Climate Change is one of the main global environmental challenges
    • Historical records suggest global climates may soon be warmer than at any time in the past million years, and sea levels may reach the highest point in 100,000 years
    • Philippines Executive Order 192 (1987) addresses environmental impact assessments, management of solid waste, and hazardous substances.

    DENR Bureaus

    • The Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) is responsible for managing and conserving the country's mineral resources
    • The Land Management Bureau (LMB) oversees surveys, administration, management, and disposition of public lands
    • The Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB), formerly known as the Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB), focuses on establishing and managing protected areas
    • The Forest Management Bureau (FMB) manages forest lands, watersheds, forest plantations, and non-timber forest products

    Attached DENR Agencies

    • The Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) manages the Laguna Lake and its 21 major tributary rivers
    • The LLDA was established through RA 4850 in 1966 and later received environmental protection powers through PD 813 (1975) and EO 927 (1983)

    UNCLOS

    • The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is considered the “Constitution of the Oceans”, establishing a comprehensive legal framework for the seas
    • UNCLOS created three institutions since its inception in 1982:
      • International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)
      • International Seabed Authority (ISA)
      • Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS)

    Philippine Environmental Laws

    • The 1987 Philippine Constitution emphasizes state ownership and control of natural resources and the public domain
    • The Constitution also safeguards the right of the people to a balanced and healthy environment
    • Most environmental laws in the Philippines are passed through legislation
    • Presidential Decrees (PDs) were enacted during the Marcos presidency, between 1972 and 1986

    Philippine Environmental Laws (Fill in the Blanks)

    • The _______________________________ is the country’s lead agency responsible for implementing environmental laws and policies. (DENR)
    • The Climate Change Act of 2009 (RA 9729) created the “_________ _________ Commission.”(Climate Change)
    • RA 8749 is also known as the “__________ _________ Act.” (Clean Air)
    • RA _ _ _ _ created the Laguna Lake Development Authority. (4850)
    • Presidential Decree 1151 (1977) is the “____________ ____________ Code.” (Philippine Environment)
    • PD 705 is also known as the “Revised __________ Code.” (Forest)
    • RA 9003 is the “Ecological ________ _________ ____________ Act of 2000.” (Solid Waste Management)
    • RA 9147 provides for the conservation and protection of __________ resources and their habitats. *(Wildlife) *
    • RA 10121 is the “_________ ______ Reduction and Management Act.” (Waste)
    • RA 8371 is the “___________ ________ Rights Act of 1997.” This law recognizes the rights of ___________ ________ over their ancestral lands. (Indigenous Peoples)
    • RA 7586 is the “National Integrated ___________ __________ Systems Act” or the “NIPAS Act of 1992.” (Protected Areas)

    DENR Bureaus (Acronyms)

    • MGB
    • LMB
    • BMB
    • FMB

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    Environmental Science PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the concepts of land subsidence and flooding, focusing on causes, effects, and geographical implications. You'll learn about how excessive groundwater extraction contributes to land subsidence and the various causes and impacts of flooding in vulnerable areas. Dive into the relationship between these natural phenomena and how they interact with environmental conditions.

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