Homestead Program of 1903 Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What was the purpose of the Cadastral Act or The Land Registration Act No. 2259?

To regulate rental agreements between tenants and landowners

To establish agricultural tenancy rights

To facilitate the issuance of Torrens titles (correct)

To organize agricultural cooperatives

Which program allowed tenants to acquire agricultural public land in the Philippine Islands?

The Tenancy Assistance Initiative

The Land Resettlement Program

The Agrarian Reform Program

The Homestead Program (correct)

Which peasant uprising was NOT mentioned as part of the struggles faced by farmers?

Kilusang Mayo Uno uprising (correct)

Sakdal uprising

Colorum uprising

Hukbalahap uprising

What was a key focus of President Manuel L. Quezon's social justice program?

Dividing and selling haciendas to tenants Signup and view all the answers

What significant legislation did President Roxas implement regarding tenant and landlord relations?

Republic Act No. 34 for a sharing arrangement Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was established under President Elpidio Quirino to support peasants?

Land Settlement Development Corporation Signup and view all the answers

What was a goal of the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) under President Ramon Magsaysay?

To distribute agricultural lands to landless farmers Signup and view all the answers

What does Republic Act No. 1199 or the Agricultural Tenancy Act primarily protect?

The relationship between landholders and tenants Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Republic Act No. 3844?

To abolish share tenancy Signup and view all the answers

Under P.D. No. 27, how many hectares of land can a tenant farmer claim as owner?

5 hectares if not irrigated Signup and view all the answers

What significant program did 'Masagana 99' implement for farmers?

A package to increase palay harvest through credit Signup and view all the answers

What is the retention limit for landowners under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (RA 6657)?

5 hectares, with additional allowances for children Signup and view all the answers

Which law was enacted to facilitate the emancipation of tenants in the Philippines?

Presidential Decree No. 27 Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary method of taxation during the Pre-Spanish period in the Philippines?

Voluntary contributions known as 'handog' Signup and view all the answers

How did President Ferdinand Marcos' administration approach land reform?

By creating a land reform area throughout the Philippines Signup and view all the answers

What is the intention behind the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)?

To ensure equal land distribution regardless of ownership Signup and view all the answers

What was one primary characteristic of agrarian reform in the pre-colonial period in the Philippines?

Land ownership was predominantly communal. Signup and view all the answers

During the Spanish era, who officially owned all the land in the Philippines?

The King of Spain Signup and view all the answers

Which agricultural method was commonly used by pre-colonial Filipinos?

Kaingin system Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant aspect of the tenant-farmer relationship during the Spanish colonization?

Farmers paid colonial tributes with agricultural products. Signup and view all the answers

Which document recorded the first land sale transaction in pre-colonial Philippines?

Maragtas Code Signup and view all the answers

What was a common cause of peasant uprisings during the colonial period in the Philippines?

High taxes and tributes imposed by colonizers Signup and view all the answers

Government resettlement initiatives in the agrarian context aimed primarily to address which issue?

Overpopulation in rural areas and agricultural development Signup and view all the answers

Which legislative action is primarily associated with the regulation of land ownership and use in agriculture?

Agricultural Reform Law Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Land Registration Act of 1902

The Land Registration Act of 1902, also known as the Cadastral Act or Act No. 496, implemented the Torrens system for land registration.
The Act aimed to speed up the issuance of Torrens titles.
Under this act, all private and public lands were brought under the Torrens system.
The implementation involved surveying municipalities and presenting the results to the land registration court.

Homestead Program (1903)

Allowed tenants to acquire farmlands of at least 16 hectares.
Target land was unoccupied, unreserved, unappropriated agricultural public land in the Philippines.
No limit was set on the size of landholdings people could own.
Possession was limited to those who could afford to buy, register, and acquire fixed property titles.

American Land Reform

Not all friar lands acquired by the Americans were given to landless peasant farmers.
Some lands were sold or leased to Americans and Filipino business interests.
The land reform program implemented by the Americans lacked support mechanisms, forcing some farmers back to tenancy.
Wealthy Filipino hacienderos purchased or forcefully took over lands from farmers unable to pay debts.

Peasant Uprisings

Peasant uprisings, such as the Colorum uprising and the Sakdal uprising, arose as a response to the challenges faced by farmers during this period.

Commonwealth Government

President Manuel L. Quezon introduced a social justice program focused on purchasing haciendas, dividing them, and selling them to tenants.
Several agencies were created to protect and defend farmers' rights.

President Manuel Roxas

Republic Act No. 34 was passed, establishing a 70-30 sharing arrangement between tenant and landlord, respectively.

President Elpidio Quirino

Land Settlement Development Corporation was established to accelerate and expand the resettlement program for Filipino peasants

President Ramon Magsaysay

National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) was formed to accelerate the government's resettlement program.
NARRA aimed to distribute agricultural lands to landless tenants and farmers.
The program aimed to convince the Hukbalahap (Huks) to resettle in areas where they could restart their lives as peaceful citizens

R.A. 1199 - Agricultural Tenancy Act

This act protected the relationship between landholders and tenants.
It protected the tenurial rights of tenants and enforced tenancy practices.

President Diosdado Macapagal

Republic Act No. 3844, also known as the Agricultural Land Reform Act, abolished share tenancy in the Philippines.
This act aimed to convert tenant-farmers into lessees and eventually owner-cultivators.
The act faced a lack of funding.

President Ferdinand Marcos

Presidential Decree (P.D.) No. 2 declared the entire Philippines a land reform area.
P.D. No. 27 aimed to emancipate tenants from the bondage of the soil, transferring land ownership to those who till it.
This decree applied to all tenant farmers of private agricultural lands primarily devoted to rice and corn, under a system of sharecrop or lease-tenancy.
Tenant farmers became owners of a family-size farm, ranging from 5 hectares for non-irrigated land to 3 hectares for irrigated land.
Landowners could retain a maximum of 7 hectares if they cultivated the land.
"Masagana 99" was a self-sufficiency program that offered farmers a package to increase their palay harvest. This package included credit program access through rural banks, coordinated by the government.

President Corazon Aquino

Republic Act No. 6657, The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP), took effect on June 15, 1988.
CARP stated that all public and private agricultural lands, regardless of tenurial arrangements and commodity produced, were subject to agrarian reform.
Landowners were allowed a retention limit of 5 hectares.
Landowners could also receive 3 hectares for each of their children who were at least 15 years old and actively involved in tilling or managing the land.
3 hectares were to be awarded to each landless tenant farmer.

Philippine Taxation

Taxation is considered the lifeblood of the nation.
The government uses taxation to raise income to cover its necessary expenses.

Pre-Spanish Period

People paid contributions to the barangay, called "handog", "buwis", or "alay" (offer).
These contributions were considered a customary practice to support the government.

Economic History

Economic history studies past economic events by applying economic theory to historical situations and institutions.
It sheds light on the manipulation of Filipinos by colonizers who exploited national resources for their own colonialist and imperialist aims.
Studying economic history helps us understand present economic decisions affecting the lives of Filipinos today and in the future.

Three Crucial Economic Issues

Agrarian Reform: A vital aspect of the Philippine economy, as nearly half the population is employed in the agricultural sector, and most citizens live in rural areas.
Taxation: The government's primary tool for generating revenue.
Trade Policies: Determine the country's economic interactions with the global market.

Agrarian Reform

Agrarian reform focuses on the relationship between production and the distribution of land among farmers.

Pre-Colonial Period

Land Ownership: Communal land ownership, commonly owned by the community.
Cultivation System: "Kaingin" system, a slash and burn method.
Trade: Barter trade of agricultural products for luxury items.
Land Transactions:
- Maragtas Code: The only recorded transaction of land sale.
- Code of Luwaran: Muslim record of the lease of cultivated lands, with no details provided on the practice of this lease arrangement.

Spanish Era

Introduction of Pueblo Agriculture: Rural communities were organized into pueblos, and given land to cultivate.
Land ownership: Filipinos were assigned as landholders but were not landowners. The King of Spain owned all the land.
Tribute System: Filipinos were required to work the assigned lands and paid tribute to the Spanish authorities in the form of agricultural products.

Pueblo Agriculture

A system where Filipino families were assigned land to cultivate.
Native families were landholders but not landowners.

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Explore the significance of the Land Registration Act of 1902 and the Homestead Program introduced in 1903. This quiz covers how these acts aimed to streamline land ownership and benefit agricultural development in the Philippines. Deepen your understanding of American land reform and its impact on land distribution.

Land Registration Act and Homestead Program Overview

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