Lamarck's Evolutionary Hypotheses
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Questions and Answers

Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis?

  • Carl Jung
  • Sigmund Freud (correct)
  • B.F. Skinner
  • Alfred Adler

    • In what years did Freud live?

  • 1880-1950
  • 1865-1920
  • 1871-1945
  • 1856-1939 (correct)

    • What is Freud best known for?

  • Cognitive therapy
  • Humanistic psychology
  • Psychoanalysis (correct)
  • Behaviorism

    • Which of the following figures is NOT associated with the development of psychoanalysis?

    <p>Carl Rogers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What profession is Sigmund Freud known for?

    <p>Psychologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary contribution of Newton related to gravity?

    <p>He used math to show gravity kept planets in orbit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes gravity as understood through Newton's work?

    <p>A force causing objects to fall towards the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Newton utilize math in his studies of gravity?

    <p>He created equations that describe gravitational forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of gravity did Newton NOT address in his findings?

    <p>The effect of gravity on human emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best summarizes Newton's findings on gravity?

    <p>Gravity influences both celestial bodies and falling objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Lamarck's primary hypothesis regarding how organisms gained or lost traits?

    <p>The use or disuse of organs caused changes in traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Lamarck, how are new characteristics passed to the next generation?

    <p>Via inheritance of acquired traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant aspect of Lamarck's evolutionary theory?

    <p>Traits can be acquired based on an organism's lifestyle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criticism can be made of Lamarck's theory of evolution?

    <p>It lacks empirical evidence and scientific support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Lamarck believe about the role of the environment in evolution?

    <p>It drives organisms to adapt through use and disuse of traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lamarck's Evolutionary Hypotheses

    • Proposed that the use or disuse of organs leads to organisms gaining or losing traits over time.
    • Suggested that new characteristics acquired during an organism's life could be inherited by the next generation.

    The Scientific Method

    • Isaac Newton utilized mathematics to establish the existence of gravity.
    • Demonstrated how gravity keeps planets in orbit around the sun and causes objects to fall to Earth.

    Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

    • Recognized as the Father of Psychoanalysis, contributing significantly to the field of psychology.

    What is Scientific Revolution?

    • Refers to major intellectual advancements in science during the 16th to 17th centuries.
    • Marked a fundamental shift in assumptions, attitudes, and methodologies in scientific inquiry.

    Levels of Consciousness: Iceberg Theory

    • Conscious Mind: Represents a small portion of awareness, akin to the visible part of an iceberg.
    • Preconscious Mind: Contains information that is not currently in awareness but can easily be retrieved.
    • Unconscious Mind: Comprises content entirely out of awareness, whose emergence could cause anxiety.

    Johannes Kepler

    • Calculated that planets move in elliptical orbits rather than perfect circles, challenging Ptolemy and Copernicus.

    Darwin's Four Postulates

    • Variability exists within species.
    • Some variations are heritable and passed to offspring.
    • Individuals exhibit differing abilities to survive and reproduce.
    • Favorable adaptations increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction.

    Tycho Brahe

    • Provided observational support for Copernicus' heliocentric theory in the late 1500s.

    Causes of the Scientific Revolution

    • The printing press played a crucial role in disseminating new ideas.
    • The Age of Exploration necessitated scientific research driven by navigation technologies.
    • Translations of Muslim scholars' works expanded European understanding of scientific concepts.

    Before the Scientific Revolution: Ptolemy's Geocentric Model

    • Ptolemy placed Earth at the center of the solar system in his model.
    • The order of celestial bodies according to Ptolemy: Earth, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn.

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    Description

    Explore the concepts behind Lamarck's evolutionary hypotheses, which proposed that the use or disuse of organs led to traits being gained or lost over generations. This quiz dives into the implications of these theories on the understanding of evolution and inheritance.

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