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Questions and Answers
Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis?
In what years did Freud live?
What is Freud best known for?
Which of the following figures is NOT associated with the development of psychoanalysis?
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What profession is Sigmund Freud known for?
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What was the primary contribution of Newton related to gravity?
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Which of the following describes gravity as understood through Newton's work?
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How did Newton utilize math in his studies of gravity?
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What aspect of gravity did Newton NOT address in his findings?
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Which statement best summarizes Newton's findings on gravity?
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What was Lamarck's primary hypothesis regarding how organisms gained or lost traits?
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According to Lamarck, how are new characteristics passed to the next generation?
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Which of the following is a significant aspect of Lamarck's evolutionary theory?
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What criticism can be made of Lamarck's theory of evolution?
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What did Lamarck believe about the role of the environment in evolution?
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Study Notes
Lamarck's Evolutionary Hypotheses
- Proposed that the use or disuse of organs leads to organisms gaining or losing traits over time.
- Suggested that new characteristics acquired during an organism's life could be inherited by the next generation.
The Scientific Method
- Isaac Newton utilized mathematics to establish the existence of gravity.
- Demonstrated how gravity keeps planets in orbit around the sun and causes objects to fall to Earth.
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
- Recognized as the Father of Psychoanalysis, contributing significantly to the field of psychology.
What is Scientific Revolution?
- Refers to major intellectual advancements in science during the 16th to 17th centuries.
- Marked a fundamental shift in assumptions, attitudes, and methodologies in scientific inquiry.
Levels of Consciousness: Iceberg Theory
- Conscious Mind: Represents a small portion of awareness, akin to the visible part of an iceberg.
- Preconscious Mind: Contains information that is not currently in awareness but can easily be retrieved.
- Unconscious Mind: Comprises content entirely out of awareness, whose emergence could cause anxiety.
Johannes Kepler
- Calculated that planets move in elliptical orbits rather than perfect circles, challenging Ptolemy and Copernicus.
Darwin's Four Postulates
- Variability exists within species.
- Some variations are heritable and passed to offspring.
- Individuals exhibit differing abilities to survive and reproduce.
- Favorable adaptations increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction.
Tycho Brahe
- Provided observational support for Copernicus' heliocentric theory in the late 1500s.
Causes of the Scientific Revolution
- The printing press played a crucial role in disseminating new ideas.
- The Age of Exploration necessitated scientific research driven by navigation technologies.
- Translations of Muslim scholars' works expanded European understanding of scientific concepts.
Before the Scientific Revolution: Ptolemy's Geocentric Model
- Ptolemy placed Earth at the center of the solar system in his model.
- The order of celestial bodies according to Ptolemy: Earth, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn.
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Description
Explore the concepts behind Lamarck's evolutionary hypotheses, which proposed that the use or disuse of organs led to traits being gained or lost over generations. This quiz dives into the implications of these theories on the understanding of evolution and inheritance.
