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Questions and Answers
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate?
Which neurohormonal change occurs after training?
What is the main function of the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)?
Which type of exercise is reported to result in higher lactate levels?
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Which muscle fibers are mostly used during high lactate exercise?
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What happens to PCr levels after stress?
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What is the primary factor contributing to lactate production during resistance exercise?
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What is the lactate threshold for a trained person?
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What is the effect of endurance training on lactate production and removal systems?
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How much do PCr levels decrease after exercise?
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Which of the following is true about the rate of ATP hydrolysis after sprint training?
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Which energy source is primarily used at a very high power output?
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Which of the following is true about substrate utilization during exercise?
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Which of the following is true about GLUT-4 transporters?
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Which type of muscle fibers utilize lactate better?
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Which of the following is a limitation of fatty acids as a fuel source during exercise?
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Which enzyme is the rate-limiting enzyme for glycolysis?
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Which isoforms of lactate dehydrogenase increase with sprint training?
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Which shuttle is responsible for transporting reducing equivalents across the mitochondrial membrane?
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Which of the following is true about ATP production in the electron transport chain?
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Which of the following is true about MLSS (Maximal Lactate Steady State)?
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What happens to lactate levels as swimming speed increases during MLSS?
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Which of the following is true about lactate levels during recovery after exercise?
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What is the relationship between the initial concentration of lactate at the end of exercise and the rate of recovery?
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Which activity during the recovery period shows faster lactate recovery according to the chart of athletes resting after exercise?
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What is the intensity range for cycling during which more lactate will not build up?
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What is the intensity range for jogging during which more lactate will not build up?
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What happens to blood lactate levels with active recovery using massage/stretching?
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What happens to blood lactate levels with active recovery using massage/stretching?
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What is the purpose of lactate adaptation?
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Study Notes
Lactate Metabolism and Exercise
- The enzyme responsible for converting pyruvate to lactate is lactate dehydrogenase.
- After training, there is an increase in neurohormonal responses.
- The monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) is responsible for facilitating lactate transport across cell membranes.
Exercise and Lactate Levels
- Higher lactate levels are reported during high-intensity, anaerobic exercises.
- Fast-twitch muscle fibers are mostly used during high lactate exercise.
- PCr levels decrease after stress.
Lactate Production and Removal
- The primary factor contributing to lactate production during resistance exercise is the high intensity of the exercise.
- The lactate threshold for a trained person is around 50-60% of VO2max.
- Endurance training enhances lactate production and removal systems.
- PCr levels decrease by 50-70% after exercise.
Energy Sources and Exercise
- The rate of ATP hydrolysis increases after sprint training.
- At a very high power output, ATP is primarily generated from phosphocreatine (PCr).
- During exercise, substrate utilization shifts from fatty acids to carbohydrates.
Glucose and Lactate Transport
- GLUT-4 transporters are responsible for glucose uptake into muscle cells.
- Slow-twitch muscle fibers utilize lactate better.
- A limitation of fatty acids as a fuel source during exercise is their slow oxidation rate.
Glycolysis and Lactate Dehydrogenase
- The rate-limiting enzyme for glycolysis is phosphofructokinase (PFK).
- The A and B isoforms of lactate dehydrogenase increase with sprint training.
Mitochondrial Function
- The glycerol phosphate shuttle is responsible for transporting reducing equivalents across the mitochondrial membrane.
- ATP production in the electron transport chain generates most of the ATP during oxidative phosphorylation.
Maximal Lactate Steady State (MLSS)
- MLSS is the highest intensity at which lactate levels remain stable during exercise.
- As swimming speed increases during MLSS, lactate levels also increase.
- During recovery after exercise, lactate levels decrease rapidly.
Recovery and Lactate Removal
- The initial concentration of lactate at the end of exercise affects the rate of recovery.
- Active recovery with massage/stretching enhances lactate removal.
- The intensity range for cycling with minimal lactate buildup is 30-50% of VO2max, while for jogging it is 40-60% of VO2max.
- The purpose of lactate adaptation is to enhance lactate production and removal during high-intensity exercise.
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Description
Test your knowledge on lactate response and the concept of maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) in swimming. Learn about the highest workload that can be maintained without continual increase in lactate and how it differs from lactate threshold. Explore the relationship between swimming speed and lactate levels.
